Ubucukuzi, ubuhinzi bw’urumogi, gusoresha mu bifasha FDLR kuramba mu iterabwoba

Imyaka irenga 26 irashize umutwe w’iterabwoba wa FDLR ushinzwe n’abasize bahekuye u Rwanda muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 bahungiye mu mashyamba ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC), ariko hari impamvu ziyongera ku ngengabitekerezo y’urwango n’amacakubiri zafashije uyu mutwe gushinga ibirindiro muri icyo gihugu uhungabanya umutekano w’Akarere k’Ibiyaga Bigari.

Lt Col (Demob) Emilien Mpakaniye, wahoze mu buyobozi bwa FDLR, avuga ko uyu mutwe umaze imyaka myinshi wubakiye ubushobozi bwawo ku bikorwa bitandukanye by’ubukungu bikorwa mu bice wari warashinze imizi muri RDC.

Nubwo FDLR ifite uburyo bwinshi bwo kwishakira amafaranga mu bice igenzura, Lt Col (Demob) Emilien Mpakaniye avuga ko hari undi mutungo ukomeye uyifasha gukomeza ubushobozi bwa gisirikare: inkunga iva muri Leta ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo.

Kuva mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo kugera muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru, FDLR yashyizeho uburyo bwo gukusanya amafaranga ayifasha kugura intwaro, guhemba abarwanyi no gukomeza imikorere yayo nk’umutwe witwaje intwaro.

Lt Col (Demob) Mpakaniye, winjiye mu Ishuri Rikuru rya gisirikari rya FDLR (ESM) mu mwaka wa 1999, avuga ko kuva mu 2008 yari ashinzwe ibikorwa bijyanye n’amabuye y’agaciro muri FDLR. Mu 2011, avuga ko yahawe inshingano zo kurinda Gen. Sylvestre Mudacumura, wari umwe mu bayobozi bakuru b’uyu mutwe. Nyuma kandi yakoze mu cyitwaga “Biro bya Kane” bya FDLR, birebana n’ubutasi n’andi makuru y’umutekano.

Lt Col (Demob) Mpakaniye avuga ko ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro bwari bumwe mu nkingi zikomeye z’ubukungu bwa FDLR, akanemeza ko uyu mutwe wari ufite ibirombe byawo byihariye, ariko ko no mu birombe by’abandi bacukuraga mu duce twagenzurwaga na FDLR, uyu mutwe washakaga kugira uruhare mu byinjiraga muri ibyo bikorwa.

Yemeza ko kuri buri kirombe cyakoraga muri ibyo bice habaga umurwanyi wa FDLR, wari ushinzwe kugenzura ibikorwa no gukusanya amafaranga.

Usibye amafaranga yishyurwaga n’abacukuzi, Lt Col (Demob) Mpakaniye avuga ko FDLR yashyiraga bariyeri ku mihanda, aho abacuruzi n’abatwara amabuye y’agaciro basabwaga gutanga amafaranga mbere yo gukomeza urugendo.

Ubu buryo, nk’uko abivuga, bwatumaga amafaranga menshi agwa mu maboko ya FDLR.

Lt Col (Demob) Mpakaniye avuga ko muri rusange uyu mutwe washoboraga kwinjiza amafaranga arenga 300 000 by’amadolari ya Amerika ku kwezi (ni ukuvuga amafaranga y’u Rwanda akabakaba miliyoni 400) ava mu bikorwa by’amabuye y’agaciro n’imisoro ijyanye na byo.

Ubuhinzi burimo n’urumogi bufasha FDLR cyane

Ubuhinzi na bwo, bwari igice cy’ingenzi cy’ubukungu bwa FDLR. Lt Col (Demob) Mpakaniye avuga ko mu bice byari biri mu maboko cyangwa bigengwa n’uyu mutwe, cyane cyane kuva muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo kugera muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru, hari ubutaka bunini bwakoreshwaga mu buhinzi.

Muri Teritwari ya Rutshuru, avuga ko ahitwa Kazaroho honyine, FDLR yakoreshaga hafi hegitari 20 000 mu bikorwa by’ubuhinzi.

Lt Col (Demob) Mpakaniye avuga kandi ko FDLR yakoreshaga imirima yari isanzwe ifitwe n’Abanyekongo b’Abatutsi bahunze FDLR bakajya kuba mu bindi bihugu. Ahamya ko iyo mirima yakoreshwaga n’abantu bari basigaye muri ako gace cyangwa abandi bahinzi bakoreraga FDLR.

Abahinzi b’Abanyekongo bahingaga muri ibyo bice na bo, nk’uko abivuga, basoraga amafaranga ya FDLR. Avuga ko umuntu yashoboraga kwishyura hafi amadolari 80 ya Amerika kuri buri gihembwe cy’isarura, kandi ko isarura ryakorwaga inshuro ebyiri mu mwaka.

Ibi byatumaga ubuhinzi budakora gusa nk’igikorwa cyo gutunga abaturage, ahubwo bukaba n’isoko y’amafaranga yinjiraga mu bikorwa bya FDLR. Mpakaniye avuga kandi ko FDLR yinjizaga amafaranga menshi mu buhinzi bw’urumogi.

Avuga ko uyu mutwe wahingaga urumogi ku buso bunini, rukagurishwa hanze y’uduce rwahingwagamo no mu bindi bihugu.

Mu bo avuga ko baguraga urwo rumogi harimo abantu batandukanye, ndetse akavuga ko no bamwe mu basirikare ba MONUSCO bari mu bakiriya baryo.

Guhiga inyamaswa, kubaza imbaho no gutwika amakara

Uretse ubucukuzi n’ubuhinzi, Mpakaniye avuga ko FDLR yaninjizaga amafaranga binyuze mu bikorwa byo guhiga inyamaswa no gucuruza ibikomoka ku nyamaswa.

Avuga ko abarwanyi b’uyu mutwe bahigaga inzovu bashaka amahembe yazo, bagahiga imvubu kubera kugurisha uruhu, inkura kubera amahembe yazo

Avuga kandi ko intare zahigwaga, kuko ngo amavuta akurwa mu ruhu rwazo yagurishwaga ku giciro cyo hejuru.

Amashyamba na yo yari andi masoko y’amafaranga kuri FDLR. Mpakaniye avuga ko FDLR yatwikaga amakara menshi akagurishwa mu mijyi yo muri Kivu, cyane cyane Goma.

Avuga ko igice kinini cy’amakara yakoreshwaga n’Umujyi wa Goma cyavaga mu bice byari bigengwa na FDLR.

Usibye amakara, avuga ko uyu mutwe wanacuruzaga imbaho zatemwaga mu mashyamba, zikoherezwa mu bice bitandukanye bya Kivu y’Amajyepfo na Kivu y’Amajyaruguru.

Gusoresha byahinduyee imihanda ya Congo isoko y’amafaranga

Ubukungu bwa FDLR ntibwari bushingiye gusa ku bucukuzi, ubuhinzi cyangwa umutungo kamere.

Lt Col (Demob) Mpakaniye avuga ko uyu mutwe wari warashyizeho uburyo bwo gusoresha abantu n’ibinyabiziga byanyuraga mu mihanda yari igenzurwa n’abarwanyi bawo.

Ku baba batwaye ibicuruzwa, abacuruzi n’abandi bakoresha iyo mihanda, habagaho amafaranga basabwaga gutanga kugira ngo bakomeze urugendo. Ibyo byatumaga imihanda ubwayo ihinduka isoko y’amafaranga kuri FDLR.

Mpakaniye avuga kandi ko FDLR yakoreshaga uburyo bwo gushimuta abantu ikabasaba imiryango yabo kwishyura amafaranga kugira ngo barekurwe.

Iyo miryango, nk’uko abivuga, yasabwaga gutanga amafaranga kugira ngo ababo barekurwe.

Gushimuta no gusaba inshungu byongeraga andi mafaranga ku mutungo uyu mutwe wakuraga mu baturage no mu bikorwa by’ubukungu byari mu duce twari tugenzurwa n’abarwanyi bawo.

Iyo urebye ibikorwa byose bivugwa na Lt Col (Demob) Mpakaniye, amabuye y’agaciro, ubuhinzi, ubuhinzi bw’urumogi, amakara, imbaho, ubucuruzi bw’umutungo kamere, imisoro yo ku mihanda ndetse n’incungu  bigaragaza uburyo umutwe witwaje intwaro ushobora kubaka ubukungu butandukanye mu gace ufiteho ububasha. Izi ni zimwe mu mpamvu mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo habarizwa imitwe yitwaje intwaro irenga 200.

Lt Col (Demob) Mpakaniye avuga ko ayo mafaranga yafashaga FDLR gukomeza ibikorwa byayo no gukomeza kugira ubushobozi bwo kugumana abarwanyi n’ibikoresho bya gisirikare.

Kimwe mu bintu bikomeye ashimangira ni uruhare rw’inzego za Leta ya RDC mu buryo ibikorwa by’ubukungu bya FDLR byakorwagamo.

Avuga ko ibyo bikorwa bitakorwaga mu bwigunge, ahubwo ko hari uburyo bwo gukorana hagati y’abari muri FDLR n’abantu bari mu nzego zitandukanye.

Ati: “Mu buryo bw’ingenzi, imodoka zavaga mu bice bigenzurwa na Leta zikajya mu duce twa FDLR, ibyo akaba abifata nk’ikimenyetso cy’uko ibikorwa by’uyu mutwe bitashoboraga gukorwa mu buryo bw’ibanga gusa.”

Inkuru ya Lt Col (Demob) Emilien Mpakaniye itanga ishusho n’impamvu y’uburyo FDLR yashoboye gukomeza kubaho imyaka myinshi kuko yashinze ubukungu bw’intambara bushingiye ku ma soko menshi.