Ibireti biracyari isoko y’ubukire nyuma y’imyaka 90 bigeze mu Rwanda 

Imyaka 90 irashize ubuhinzi bw’ibireti bugejejwe mu Rwanda nka kimwe mu bihingwa byinjijwe mu ihugu n’Abakoloni b’Ababiligi mu mwaka wa 1936. Ni kimwe mu bihingwa bishya bazanywe n’Abakoloni b’Ababiligi, kuri ubu bifite umumaro mu kwinjiriza benshi amafaranga atubutse ndetse binatanga umusaururo mu gukora imiti itanga ibisubizo binyuranye. 

Kuva Leta yatangira gushyira imbaraga nyinshi mu buhinzi bw’ibireti nk’igihingwa ngengabukungu mu mwaka wa 1963 kugeza n’uyu munsi, Intara y’iburengerazuba iracyafite ibice byinshi bihingwamo, abaturage bakaba bavuga ko bikiri isoko y’ubukire no guhindur imibereho yabo. 

Mu bice bimwe by’Intara y’Iburengerazuba, ubuhinzi bw’ibireti bwabaye isoko y’amafaranga n’akazi ku baturage, aho ababukora bavuga ko amafaranga bakuramo yabafashije kugura amasambu, kubaka inzu, kwishyurira abana amashuri kugeza muri kaminuza no kugura amatungo.

Abahinzi bo mu Turere twa Rubavu na Nyabihu bavuga ko mbere yo gutangira guhinga ibireti hari ibyo batashoboraga kubona, ariko ko kubihinga kinyamwuga no kwizigamira amafaranga babikuramo byatumye bagira ubushobozi bwo gushora imari mu bindi bikorwa bibateza imbere.

Iki gihingwa kandi gitanga imirimo ku bandi baturage bakora mu mirima y’ibireti, cyane cyane mu gihe cyo gutera, kwita ku bihingwa no gusarura.

Habarurema Emmanuel, wo mu Murenge wa Kabatwa, mu Karere ka Rubavu, avuga ko yatangiye guhinga ibireti afite imyaka 19, akaba avuga ko amafaranga yagiye akura muri ubu buhinzi yamufashije gutera intambwe mu buzima, harimo kubona inkwano yakoye umugore we no kubaka inzu nziza.

Yagize ati: “Natangiye guhinga ibireti nkiri muto, mfite imyaka 19. Mu byo nakuye mu bireti harimo amafaranga nakuyeho inkwano nakoye umugore wanjye. Ubu mfite inzu nziza niyubakiye ifite agaciro ka miliyoni umunani z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda.”

Habarurema avuga ko n’ubu ibireti ari isoko y’amafaranga afasha umuryango we mu bikorwa bitandukanye, birimo kwishyurira abana amashuri, ubwisungane mu kwivuza no kwizigamira.

Avuga ko amaze no gukoresha amafaranga akura muri ubu buhinzi mu kugura amasambu, ubu akaba ahinga ibireti ku buso bwa kimwe cya kabiri cya hegitari.

Yagize ati: “Kuri ubu mfite igice cya hegitari cy’ibireti. Mu mwaka nshobora gusaruramo ibiro bigera kuri 500. Iyo ikilo kigurwa amafaranga 1 350, bishobora kunyinjiriza amafaranga agera kuri 675 000.”

Uyu muhinzi avuga ko ibireti bitamusaba imirimo myinshi nk’indi bihingwa, cyane cyane ugereranyije n’ibirayi, avuga ko byo bisaba gukoresha imiti no kubyitaho mu buryo bwihariye.

Ndizihiwe Laurent, undi muhinzi wo mu Murenge wa Busasamana mu Karere ka Rubavu, avuga ko amaze imyaka igera kuri 40 ahinga ibireti, kandi ko iki gihingwa cyamufashije guhindura ubuzima bwe n’ubw’umuryango we.

Avuga ko yatangiye kubihinga afite imyaka 23, icyo gihe nta sambu yari afite uretse akarima gato yari yarahawe n’umubyeyi we.

Yagize ati: “Mbere y’uko ntangira guhinga ibireti, naryaga ari uko mvuye gukorera abandi. Nakoreraga abantu imirimo y’ubuhinzi, nkikorera ibirayi byabo. Nta sambu nari mfite uretse akarima gato nari narahawe n’umubyeyi, n’ako nakubatsemo inzu.”

Avuga ko amafaranga yagiye akura mu bireti yamufashije kugura amasambu, ubu akaba ahingamo ibirayi n’ibindi bihingwa, ndetse akaba yarashoye n’ahandi mu gutera amashyamba.

Ikindi yishimira ni uko yabashije kwishyurira abana be amashuri kugeza ku rwego rwa kaminuza n’amashuri makuru.

Yagize ati: “Abana banjye batatu barangije kaminuza n’amashuri makuru biga mu mashuri yigenga. Nubatse n’inzu iri ku muhanda Nyabihu-Rubavu. Ibyo byose mbikesha cyane cyane amafaranga nakuye mu bireti n’uko nize kwizigamira.”

Uyu muhinzi avuga ko hari bagenzi be bakomeje gusuzugura ubu buhinzi, nyamara asanga kubwitaho bishobora gufasha umuryango kuva mu bukene ukagera ku iterambere.

Yagize ati: “Ubuhinzi bw’ibireti bwaduhinduriye imibereho. Hari bagenzi bacu bakomeje gusita ibirenge muri ubu buhinzi, kandi ibyo bituma batinda gutera imbere. Umuntu akwiye kubukora neza, akabufata nk’akazi ke kamutunze.”

Imirimo iba mu bireti nticogora

Ibireti ntibyabaye isoko y’amafaranga ku babihinga gusa, kuko n’abaturage babikoramo imirimo bavuga ko bibafasha kubona amafaranga yo kwiteza imbere.

Mwiseneza Ancille wo mu Kagari ka Myuga, Umurenge wa Kabatwa, mu Karere ka Rubavu, avuga ko amaze imyaka itanu akora mu mirima y’ibireti, aho atunganya aho bizahingwa, ndetse akanakora imirimo yo kubisarura. Avuga ko amafaranga amaze kubona muri iyi mirimo yamufashije kugura isambu, inka n’intama.

Yagize ati: “Maze imyaka itanu nkora muri iyi mirima. Iyo ndi guhinga mpembwa amafaranga y’u Rwanda 1 500 ku munsi. Mu gihe cyo gusarura, iyo nujuje ibase imwe na bwo mpembwa 1 500. Hari igihe nshobora gukorera amafaranga agera ku 9 000 bitewe n’imbaraga nkoresheje.”

Mwiseneza avuga ko mu myaka itanu amaze muri iyi mirimo, amaze kugura isambu ifite agaciro k’amafaranga y’u Rwanda 300 000 Frw, inka y’agaciro ka 250 000 Frw ndetse n’intama esheshatu.

Yagize ati: “Ibyo byose nabigezeho mbikesha kwizigamira amafaranga nkura muri iyi mirimo. Ibireti ni zahabu yo muri aka gace, kuko biduha akazi n’amafaranga.”

Horizon SOPYRWA, Ikigo gitunganya Ibireti bikomoka ku burabyo bwa Chrysanthemum (Pyrethrum) bikavamo imiti yica udukoko, ivuga ko kongera umusaruro no guhinga ibireti kinyamwuga biri mu byatumye imibereho y’ababihinga izamuka.

Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Horizon SOPYRWA, Gabriel Bizimungu avuga ko impinduka zigaragara mu mibereho y’abahinzi b’ibireti.

Yagize ati: “Aho Horizon SOPYRWA ishyiriye ingufu mu gushishikariza abahinzi gukora buhinzi bwa kinyamwuga ku bireti, bigaragara koko ko byabahinduriye ubuzima. Usanga umuhinzi w’ibireti atuye ahantu heza, mu nzu nziza, abana be biga amashuri meza, mbese ubona abayeho neza.”

Abahinzi b’ibireti bashimirwa borozwa inka 

Bizimungu avuga ko bifuza ko abahinzi bakomeza kongera imbaraga muri ubu buhinzi, anavuga ko hari gutekerezwa ku buryo igiciro cy’umusaruro cyakongerwa.

Yagize ati: “Twifuza ko bakongera ingufu muri ubu buhinzi kandi ntibagire impungenge, kuko Inama y’Ubutegetsi na yo iri gutekereza uburyo igiciro cyakongerwa, kuko muri iyi minsi bigaragara ko n’ibintu ku masoko byahenze.”

Avuga ko umusaruro w’ibireti wiyongereye, mu gihe abahinzi bahabwa imbuto nziza ku buntu ndetse bagashishikarizwa kongera umusaruro binyuze mu bihembo.

Yagize ati: “Kuri ubu abahinzi bahabwa imbuto nziza ku buntu, aho dutanga na toni zigera ku 10. Ikindi ni uko abahinzi bongereye imbaraga mu buhinzi bw’ibireti kubera ko umuhinzi wa mbere ahabwa ibihembo birimo n’inka n’ibindi, ibi rero bituma ubuhinzi bw’ibireti buhabwa agaciro ku babukora.”

Bizimungu avuga ko abahinzi bagera kuri 400 bamaze guhabwa inka, zikaba zibafasha kubona ifumbire y’imborera ndetse n’amata mu miryango.

Guverineri w’Intara y’Iburengerazuba, Ntibitura Jean Bosco avuga ko ibireti biri mu bihingwa ngengabukungu bifasha abaturage kuzamura imibereho yabo, cyane cyane mu bice by’Intara bihingwamo iki gihingwa.

Yagize ati: “Ubuhinzi bw’ibireti bwateye imbere ku bahinzi bo muri imwe mu mirenge igize uturere twa Rubavu na Nyabihu. Ni kimwe mu bihingwa ngengabukungu byinjiza amadovize mu gihugu.”

Guverineri Ntibitura avuga ko ubu buhinzi bwatumye bamwe mu baturage bava ku rwego rwo gushaka akazi k’igihe gito bakagera ku rwego rwo gutanga akazi ku bandi.

Yagize ati: “Abahinzi babyo kuri ubu bazamuye imyumvire kurusha mu minsi yashize, kuko byabaganishije ku iterambere rifatika. Hari umuturage ukubwira ko mbere y’uko ahinga ibireti yari umuntu urya ari uko aciye inshuro, ariko kuri ubu nawe akaba atanga akazi.”

Asaba abahinzi gukomeza gufata neza umusaruro no gukurikiza inama bahabwa n’abashinzwe ubuhinzi.

Yagize ati: “Icyo nasaba abahinzi ni ugukomeza gufata umusaruro neza no kuwutegura, ari na yo mpamvu Horizon SOPYRWA itanga ibikoresho byo kwanikaho no gushyiramo umusaruro, no kumva inama bagirwa n’abagoronome.”

Imibare yatanzwe n’ubuyobozi bwa Horizon SOPYRWA igaragaza ko umusaruro w’ibireti wagiye wiyongera mu myaka ya vuba. Mu mwaka wa 2024 hasaruwe toni 1 488 z’ibireti, mu mwaka wa 2025 hasarurwa toni 1 620. Ku bijyanye n’amafaranga yinjira mu gihugu, umusaruro wo mu 2025 wavuzwe ko winjije miliyoni 10 z’amadolari, mu gihe hateganyijwe ko mu mwaka wa 2026 ushobora kwinjiza miliyoni 11 z’amadolari.

Kuri aba bahinzi, ibireti ntibikiri igihingwa cyo guhinga no gusarura gusa, ahubwo babifata nk’umutungo ubafasha kubaka ubuzima burambye.

Kugura ubutaka, kubaka inzu nziza, kwishyurira abana amashuri, kwigurira amatungo no kubona akazi ni zimwe mu mpinduka aba baturage bavuga ko bagezeho babikesha iki gihingwa.

Mu gihe ubuhinzi bw’ibireti bukomeje kongera umusaruro, abahinzi bavuga ko gukomeza kubukora kinyamwuga, kwizigamira no gushora amafaranga bakuramo mu bikorwa by’iterambere ari byo bishobora gutuma inyungu z’iki gihingwa zirushaho kugera ku miryango myinshi.