Byinshi kuri Oman yakiranye icyubahiro n’urugwiro Perezida Kagame

Imiterere, umuco n’amateka y’Igihugu cya Oman giherereye ku nkombe z’inyanja y’Abarabu mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, bigaragarira no mu rugwiro ndetse n’imibanire iki gihugu kigirana n’amahanga by’umwihariko ibihugu bya Afurika y’Iburasirazuba binafitanye amateka.

Uruzinduko rwa Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda, Paul Kagame muri Oman ku butumire bwa Sultan Haitham bin Tariq, kuva ku wa 7 kugeza ku wa 8 Nzeri 2026, rushimangira ubushake bw’icyo gihugu mu kurushaho kwimakaza ububanyi n’amahanga. 

Ni uruzinduko rwaherekejwe n’ibiganiro ku guteza imbere umubano hagati y’ibihugu byombi, cyane cyane mu ishoramari, ubwikorezi, ingufu, ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, ubukerarugendo, logistics, itumanaho, amabanki n’ubucuruzi. 

Oman si igihugu kinini cyane ugereranyije n’ibindi bihugu byo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, ariko gifite umwanya wihariye cyane ku ikarita y’Isi, amateka maremare y’ubucuruzi bwo mu nyanja ndetse n’ibyambu bishobora guhuza Aziya, Afurika n’Uburasirazuba bwo Hagati.

Oman, igihugu kiyobowe na  Sulta, iri mu majyepfo ashyira uburasirazuba bw’umwigimbakirwa w’Abarabu (Arabian Peninsula), Umurwa Mukuru ni Muscat.

Ni igihugu cya gatatu mu bunini  mu mwigimbakirwa w’Abarabu (Arabian Peninsula) ufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare hafi 309,500. Ufite inkombe z’inyanja zireba ku birometero birenga 3,100, kikagira imipaka na Saudi Arabia, Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abarabu (United Arab Emirates) na Yemen. Ku majyaruguru gifite umwanya ukomeye ku Strait of Hormuz, inzira y’amazi ihuza Ikigobe cya Peresi n’Inyanja y’Abahinde. 

Kugeza muri Gicurasi 2026, Oman yari ifite abaturage barenga miliyoni 5,3. Ururimi rwemewe ni Icyarabu, ariko Icyongereza kirakoreshwa cyane. Uyu munsi, iki Gihugu kiyoborwa na Sultan Haitham bin Tarik kandi ni ubwami bw’izungura. 

Igihugu cy’amateka y’ubucuruzi bwo mu nyanja

Amateka ya Oman ajya kure cyane. Mbere y’uko peteroli na gaze biba inkingi y’ubukungu, abaturage b’iki gihugu kigizwe n’ibyiza nyaburanga nirimo ibitare (canyons) bari bazwi cyane ku burobyi, ubuhinzi n’ubucuruzi bwo mu nyanja.

Umwanya w’igihugu hagati y’umwigimbakirwa w’Abarabu, Afurika, u Buhinde n’inyanja y’u Buhinde watumye Oman iba igicumbi cy’ubucuruzi kuva kera. Ubucuruzi bw’imibavu, cyane cyane Frankincense, bwahuzaga Oman n’utundi duce twa Afurika, Uburasirazuba bwo Hagati  (Middle East) ndetse n’Uturere twa Aziya. 

Ni amateka asobanura impamvu kugeza uyu munsi Oman ikomeje gushyira imbaraga nyinshi mu byambu, ubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja n’ubwikorezi bw’ibicuruzwa.

Umuco n’umubano n’ibihugu bya Afurika y’Iburasirazuba 

Oman ni igihugu aho idini ya Isilamu ari ingenzi cyane mu buzima bw’abaturage. Umuco n’imyitwarire ya buri munsi bifitanye isano n’indangagaciro za Isilamu, zirimo kubaha abakuru, kwakira abashyitsi, gufasha abandi no kubaha umuryango.

Abaturage b’icyo gihugu benshi ni Abayisilamu bo mu icyiciro cy’Abayisilamu cya Ibadi (Ibadism), nubwo hari n’Abasuniti (Sunni) n’Abashiya (Shis). Oman izwi cyane ku muco wo kubana mu mahoro no kwihanganirana mu by’idini.

Kimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi biranga umuco wa Oman ni ubwakiranyi. Umushyitsi ashobora guhabwa ikawa gakondo yitwa kahwa, akenshi iherekejwe n’imikavu cyangwa izindi mbuto zumye. Mu mico myinshi y’Abarabu, kwanga kwakira ibyo umushyitsi ahawe bishobora gufatwa nk’ubwiyunge buke, bityo ni byiza kwakira ibyo baguha mu buryo bwubaha umuco wabo.

Abagabo benshi b’Abanya-Oman bambara imyambaro izwi ku izina rya ‘dishdasha’, umwambaro muremure ugana hasi. Akenshi bawuherekeza n’igitambaro cyo ku mutwe. Hari n’ikintu gikomeye cyane mu mateka n’umuco wa Oman cyitwa khanjar – inkota ntoya imeze nk’iy’ibirori, ifite ishusho yihariye kandi ikambarwa cyane cyane mu birori cyangwa mu bihe byihariye. Abagore na bo bafite imyambaro gakondo itandukanye, ikunze kuba ifite amabara n’imitako myiza. 

Umuryango ufite umwanya ukomeye mu mibereho y’Abanya-Oman. Kubaha ababyeyi n’abakuru ni indangagaciro ikomeye. Ibyemezo byinshi by’imiryango, birimo ubukwe n’ibirori by’ingenzi bishobora guhuza umuryango mugari. Ubumwe bw’umuryango n’imibanire myiza hagati y’abavandimwe bifatwa nk’ibintu by’agaciro.

Ubukwe bwa Oman bushobora kuba ibirori binini birimo imiryango yombi, indirimbo gakondo, imbyino n’imyambarire gakondo. Imigenzo iratandukanye bitewe n’Akarere n’umuryango, ariko ubukwe ni umwanya ukomeye wo guhuza imiryango no kugaragaza umuco.

Umwanya wihariye wa Oman ku Isi

Kimwe mu bintu bituma Oman iba igihugu gifite agaciro gakomeye mu bukungu ni aho giherereye ku muhora wa Hormuz. 

Ni inzira y’ingenzi cyane ihuza Ikigobe cya Peresi n’Inyanja y’Abahinde. Oman kandi ifite ibyambu bikomeye nka Sohar, Duqm na Salalah, bifite ubushobozi bwo kwakira amato manini no guhuza ubucuruzi hagati ya Aziya, Middle East na Afurika.

Guverinoma ya Oman ivuga ko ibyambu byayo byimbitse biha Igihugu amahirwe yo guhuza ubucuruzi bwa Aziya, Uburasirazuba bwo Hagati n’Afurika, mu gihe igihugu cyifuza kuba kimwe mu bihugu 10 bikomeye ku Isi mu bijyanye n’ubwikorezi mu mwaka wa 2040. 

Peteroli, gaze no gushaka ubukungu butandukanye

Nk’ibindi bihugu byo mu kigobe, Oman ifite umutungo wa peteroli na gaze, wagize uruhare rukomeye mu iterambere ry’Igihugu.

Ariko Oman iri gushyira imbaraga mu bikorwa bitandukanye kugira ngo ubukungu butishingikiriza cyane kuri peteroli na gaze. Mu nzego iri guteza imbere harimo ubwikorezi, ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, ubukerarugendo, uburobyi n’ubworozi bwo mu mazi (aquaculture), ingufu zisubira, ubucuruzi n’inganda. 

Kuki Oman ishobora kuba ingenzi ku Rwanda?

Aha ni ho uruzinduko rwa Perezida Kagame rushobora kugira ubusobanuro bukomeye ku bukungu bw’u Rwanda.

Mu masezerano yasinywe ku wa 8 Nzeri, Oman na Rwanda byashyize umukono ku masezerano abiri na Memoranda of Understanding esheshatu. Byibanze ku bijyanye n’ubuhinzi, ubwikorezi, n’ibyambu byo ku butaka, guteza imbere ishoramari, umurimo n’ubufatanye bw’ishoramari. Hanashyizweho amasezerano ajyanye no kutishyura visa ku bafite pasiporo za dipolomasi, serivisi n’izihariye, ndetse n’amasezerano yo kwirinda gusoreshwa inshuro ebyiri. 

Ibi bifungura amahirwe menshi ku Rwanda kuko Oman iri ku nzira y’ubucuruzi ihuza Afurika, Aziya n’Uburasirazuba bwo Hagati. Ku ruhande rwa Oman, u Rwanda rushobora kuba umufatanyabikorwa mwiza wo kugera ku isoko rya Afurika y’Iburasirazuba, mu gihe u Rwanda rushobora gukoresha ubufatanye na Oman mu bijyanye n’ubwikorezi, ishoramari, ubucuruzi n’isoko ryo mu kigobe.

Uruzinduko rwa Kagame rurenze dipolomasi

Uruzinduko rwa Perezida Kagame muri Oman rurenze gusura igihugu cy’inshuti bisanzwe. Ni ugushaka guhuza amahirwe y’igihugu gifite umwanya ukomeye hagati ya Afurika, Aziya n’Uburasirazuba bwo hagati n’igihugu cy’u Rwanda gifite umwanya ukomeye mu muryango wa Afurika y’Iburasirazuba.

Oman ifite ibyambu n’inzira zo mu nyanja, u Rwanda rufite umwanya w’ingenzi mu Karere k’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba, ndetse n’icyerekezo cyo kuba ihuriro rya serivisi, ubucuruzi n’ikoranabuhanga. Ubufatanye bw’ibihugu byombi bushobora rero gutanga amahirwe mashya mu bucuruzi ubwikorezi, ishoramari n’ibindi. 

Kandi kuba Oman yarakiriye Perezida Kagame ku butumire bwa Sultan Haitham bin Tarik, ikamwakira mu rwego rw’uruzinduko rwa Leta, bigaragaza ko Muscat iha agaciro umubano wayo n’u Rwanda n’amahirwe yo kuwagura mu myaka iri imbere.

Muri rusange, Oman ni Igihugu cy’ubutayu gifite amarembo afungukira ku nyanja, u Rwanda ni Igihugu kidakora ku nyanja ariko gifite amarembo afungukira ku isoko rinini rya Afurika y’Iburasirazuba. Ubufatanye bwabyo bushobora gutuma ayo “marembo” yombi ahuzwa.