U Rwanda rushaka gukoresha isoko rya karubone mu iterambere rirambye

U Rwanda rusanga imiyoborere ihamye, imikoranire y’inzego n’imicungire iboneye y’isoko rya karubonebishobora kurufasha kubyaza umusaruro ufatika ibikorwa bijyanye no kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere bikaba isoko y’iterambere rirambye ku baturage, ku bukungu bw’Igihugu no kugabanya rusobe rw’ibinyabuzima muri rusange. 

Dr. Arakwiye Bernadette, Minisitiri w’Ibidukikije akaba na Perezida w’Inama y’Ubutegetsi ishinzwe imiyoborere y’Urwego rw’Igihugu rugenga Isoko rya Karubone, yabigarutseho kuri uyu wa Gatanu mu nama ihuje abagize iyo Nama y’Ubutegetsi, abahagarariye za Guverinoma, abafatanyabikorwa mu iterambere, n’abikorera bateraniye i Kigali. 

Abagize izo nzego barimo kuganira ku bufatanye bwatuma isoko rya karubone ririshaho gukora neza mu Rwanda rilabyarira inyungu Igihugu n’abagituye. 

Minisitiri  Dr. Arakwiye yavuze ko iri soko  risaba ubufatanye bw’inzego zitandukanye, aho kurushingira ku kigo kimwe.

Yagize ati: “Isoko rya karubone rifitanye isano n’ingufu, ubuhinzi, amashyamba, ubwikorezi, inganda, imari, ishoramari n’ubutwererane mpuzamahanga. Nta rwego rumwe rushobora gucunga iyi gahunda rwonyine.”

Yasobanuye ko inshingano z’Inama Nyobozi atari ugusimbura inzego zifite ubumenyi n’inshingano za tekiniki cyangwa gucunga buri mushinga ku giti cyawo, ahubwo ari ugutanga icyerekezo rusange, guhuza ibikorwa, kubazwa inshingano no kureba ko ibikorwa by’isoko rya karubone bigirira igihugu akamaro.

Isoko rya karubone rikora rite?

Isoko rya karubone ni uburyo bwo gucuruza ibipimo byitwa “carbon credits”, ni ukuvuga ibyemezo byemeza ko igikorwa runaka cyagabanyije cyangwa cyakuye mu kirere ingano runaka y’imyuka ihumanya, hakurikijwe uburyo bwo kuyipima no kuyigenzura bwemewe.

Muri rusange, igipimo kimwe cya karubone ishobora guhagararira toni imwe ya gaze ya karuboni (CO₂) cyangwa ingano ihwanye na yo y’indi myuka ihumanya ikirere.

Izi ibyo bipimo bishobora kugurwa n’ibigo cyangwa ibihugu bishaka gushyigikira ibikorwa bigabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere, mu gihe abafite imishinga igabanya iyo myuka bashobora kubona amafaranga ayikomokaho.

Urugero, umushinga wo gukwirakwiza amashyiga akoresha ingufu nke, kubyaza imyanda ingufu, gukoresha ingufu zisubira cyangwa kubungabunga amashyamba bishobora kubyara ibipimo bys karubone, iyo hagaragajwe ko yagize uruhare mu kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere kandi ikuzuza ibisabwa.

Icyakora, kugira ngo izo nguzanyo zizerwe ku isoko, ibisubizo umushinga utanga bigomba gupimwa, kugenzurwa no kwemezwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza n’ibipimo byemewe.

U Rwanda rushaka gukoresha iri soko mu iterambere

U Rwanda rwashyizeho Urwego rw’Igihugu rugenga Isoko rya Karubone mu 2023, rugamije koroshya uruhare rw’Igihugu mu masoko mpuzamahanga ya karubone no kubyaza umusaruro amahirwe aturuka mu bikorwa byo kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ibihe.

Uru rwego kandi rushyiraho uburyo bw’imiyoborere, amabwiriza n’inzira zikoreshwa mu kwemeza imishinga, kugenzura inguzanyo za karubone no gukumira ko igabanyuka rimwe ry’imyuka ihumanya ikirere ribarwa kabiri.

Ibi bifite akamaro kuko u Rwanda rwiyemeje kuba igihugu gifite ubukungu budahumanya ikirere kandi bwihanganira ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe bitarenze mu 2050.

Mu ntego z’Igihugu zerekeye ibikorwa byo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe, u Rwanda rwiyemeje kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku kigero cya 38% bitarenze mu 2030, ugereranyije n’ingano yari kuzagerwaho hatagize ingamba zifatwa.

Isoko rya karubone rishobora gufasha mu gushaka amafaranga yo gushyigikira iyo ntego, cyane cyane mu mishinga isaba ishoramari mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, ingufu zisukuye, ubuhinzi burambye no kubungabunga umutungo kamere.

Ubufatanye bw’inzego ni ingenzi

Nk’uko Minisitiri w’Ibidukikije yabigarutseho, isoko rya karubone ntirireba gusa inzego zishinzwe ibidukikije, kuko rishingiye ku bikorwa byinshi bifite aho bihurira n’ubukungu bw’Igihugu.

Minisitiri y’Ibidukikije ihamya ko urwego rw’ingufu rushobora kugira uruhare mu mishinga y’ingufu zisubira no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ibikomoka kuri peteroli n’ibindi bihumanya ikirere. Mu buhinzi, imishinga ishobora kwibanda ku buryo burambye bwo guhinga, gucunga ubutaka no kugabanya imyuka iva mu bikorwa by’ubuhinzi.

Mu by’amashyamba, ibikorwa byo gutera ibiti, gusubiranya amashyamba yangiritse no kurinda amashyamba asanzwe bishobora kugira uruhare mu gukura karuboni iva mu kirere.

Mu nganda no mu gutwara abantu n’ibintu, isoko rya karubone rishobora gutera inkunga ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga rigabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere.

Inzego z’imari n’abashoramari na bo bafite uruhare mu gutanga igishoro gikenewe kugira ngo imishinga nk’iyo itangire, ikorwe kandi igere ku musaruro uteganyijwe.

Ibi bisobanura ko guhuza inzego, gushyiraho inshingano zisobanutse no gukurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’imishinga ari bimwe mu bizagena niba u Rwanda rubasha kubyaza umusaruro aya mahirwe.

Ubufatanye mpuzamahanga bushobora kongera amahirwe y’ishoramari

Isoko rya karubone rishingiye ku bufatanye hagati y’ibihugu, cyane cyane mu buryo buteganywa n’Ingingo ya Gatandatu y’Amasezerano y’i Paris yerekeye imihindagurikire y’ibihe.

Iyi ngingo iteganya uburyo ibihugu bishobora gufatanya mu kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere, harimo n’uburyo bwo guhererekanya ibisubizo by’ibikorwa byo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya kugira ngo bigire uruhare mu kugera ku ntego z’ibihugu mu guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe.

U Rwanda na Singapore byashyize umukono ku masezerano yo gushyira mu bikorwa ubufatanye mu isoko rya karubone ku wa 6 Gicurasi 2025. Ubu bufatanye bushobora gufasha mu guteza imbere imishinga yujuje ibisabwa no guhererekanya inguzanyo za karubone hakurikijwe amategeko yemejwe n’ibihugu byombi.

Iyi mikoranire ishobora gufasha u Rwanda gukurura ishoramari, kubona amafaranga yo gushyigikira ibikorwa byo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere no kwagura amahirwe y’abashoramari bakorera mu nzego zitandukanye.

Icyizere n’imicungire iboneye ni byo bizatanga umusaruro

Nubwo isoko rya karubone ritanga amahirwe y’amafaranga n’ishoramari, kugira ngo rigire akamaro karambye bisaba ko ibikorwa birikorerwamo bigira umusaruro ugaragara kandi ushobora kugenzurwa.

Imishinga igomba kugaragaza ko koko yagabanyije imyuka ihumanya ikirere, ko inguzanyo zitangwa zishingiye ku bisubizo byemejwe, kandi ko ibikorwa bitabangamira ibidukikije cyangwa inyungu z’abaturage.

Ni na yo mpamvu imiyoborere, gukurikirana ibikorwa, gutanga raporo no kubazwa inshingano ari ingenzi mu gukumira uburiganya, kubara kabiri inyungu z’umushinga cyangwa gutanga inguzanyo zidahagarariye igabanuka nyaryo ry’imyuka ihumanya ikirere.

Ku Rwanda, intego si ukugira isoko rya karubone rikora gusa, ahubwo ni ukureba ko amafaranga ava muri ryo, ishoramari n’ubufatanye mpuzamahanga bifasha kugera ku ntego z’Igihugu z’iterambere rirambye.