Ikiganiro na Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga Rt. Honorable Mukantaganzwa (Video)

Mu myaka 32 ishize u Rwanda rwavuye mu bihe by’icuraburindi byasizwe na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, rwubaka inzego z’ubutabera zishingiye ku bwigenge, ubunyamwuga n’icyizere cy’abaturage. Ariko mbere yo kugera kuri uru rwego, igihugu cyabanje guhangana n’ikibazo gikomeye cyashoboraga kumara imyaka irenga ijana kidakemutse cyo kuburanisha abagera kuri miliyoni 2 bakekwagaho uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga akaba na Perezida w’Inama Nkuru y’Ubucamanza, Rt. Honorable Mukantaganzwa, avuga ko ari muri urwo rwego havutse igitekerezo cyo kongera kubyutsa umuco w’Abanyarwanda wo kwikemurira ibibazo binyuze mu ‘Nkiko Gacaca’, wahindutse igisubizo cyafashije Igihugu kuburanisha abarenga miliyoni ebyiri mu gihe cy’imyaka icumi gusa.

Mu kiganiro cyihariye Rt. Honorable Mukantaganzwa yagiranye na Imvaho Nshya, yavuze ko iyo u Rwanda rukomeza gukoresha inkiko zisanzwe gusa, kuburanisha imanza zose za Jenoside byari gutwara imyaka isaga 100, ibintu byari gusiga abarokotse Jenoside batabonye ubutabera, mu gihe benshi mu bakekwagaho ibyaha na bo bari kuzapfa bataraburanishijwe.

Ubutabera bwari bwarasenyutse

Nk’uko Jenoside yasenye ubuzima bw’igihugu muri rusange, ni ko yanasenye bikomeye urwego rw’ubutabera. Mukantaganzwa asobanura ko mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, u Rwanda rwari rufite abacamanza bagera kuri 650, ariko nyuma ya Jenoside hari abarenga gato 200. Mu bushinjacyaha na bwo, abashinjacyaha bavuye kuri 70 basigara ari 22 gusa. Ati: “Intangiriro ntiyari yoroshye, inzego zose z’igihugu zirimo n’urwego rw’ubutabera, zari zarasenyutse.”

Yavuze ko icyo gihe ubutabera bwabarizwaga muri Minisiteri y’Ubutabera, bamwe mu bacamanza bari bafite amashuri make cyane, ibintu bitari gutuma haboneka ubutabera buhamye mu gihugu cyari gifite ibibazo bikomeye.

Yavuze ko inkiko zari nke cyane, aho hari Inkiko za Kanto ku makomini 145 yari ari ho icyo gihe ndetse n’Inkiko za Mbere z’Iremezo zari nke cyane ku rwego rw’igihugu. Ibi byose byatumaga igihugu gihura n’imbogamizi zikomeye mu kongera kubaka ubutabera mu gihe hari hategerejwe kuburanishwa abantu benshi bakekwagaho kugira uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Guverinoma yabanje kubaka ubushobozi bw’abacamanza

Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yavuze ko mu gihe Igihugu cyari gifite ikibazo gikomeye cy’abakozi bake bafite ubumenyi mu mategeko, Guverinoma yahisemo uburyo bwihuse bwo kongera ubushobozi bw’urwego rw’ubutabera.

Ku bufatanye n’Umuryango w’Abavoka Batagira Umupaka (Avocats Sans Frontières), hateguwe amahugurwa y’amezi atandatu ku bantu bagombaga gukora nk’abacamanza, abashinjacyaha n’abagenzacyaha.

Nyuma y’ayo mahugurwa hatangiye kuburanishwa imanza za Jenoside, maze mu 1996 hashyirwaho itegeko rihana icyaha cya Jenoside. Rt. Honorable Mukantaganzwa, avuga ko hashyizweho kandi ingereko zihariye mu nkiko zisanzwe ndetse n’ishami ryihariye ry’Ubushinjacyaha ryakurikiranaga ibyaha bya Jenoside.

Iri tegeko ryazanye n’uburyo bwo kwemera icyaha no gutanga amakuru ku byabaye kugira ngo uwemeye uruhare rwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi agabanyirizwe ibihano. Avuga ko mu ntangiriro abantu bake cyane ari bo bemeraga icyaha. Ati: “Abenshi baharaniraga kubihakana. Ahantu hose Jenoside yabaye, abantu baba badashaka kwemera ibyo bakoze.”

Imyaka itanu yagaragaje ko inkiko zisanzwe zitari igisubizo

Rt. Honorable Mukantaganzwa yavuze ko nubwo inkiko zari zatangiye gukora, nyuma y’imyaka itanu byagaragaye ko umusaruro zari zatanze wari muto cyane ugereranyije n’ubwinshi bw’imanza zari zihari. 

Yavuze ko muri iyo myaka 5 mu gihugu hose hari hamaze kuburanishwa abantu bagera ku 6 000 gusa. Hagati aho, nyuma y’itahuka ry’Abanyarwanda benshi bari barahungiye muri Zaïre mu mpera za 1996, umubare w’abafashwe bakekwagaho Jenoside warushijeho kwiyongera. Mu ntangiriro ya 1997, amageraza n’ahafungirwaga abantu hirya no hino mu gihugu hari huzuye.

Rt. Honorable Mukantaganzwa avuga ko ubushobozi bw’igihugu bwari ubwo kwakira abafungwa batarenze ibihumbi 45, nyamara imibare yagaragazaga ko abafunzwe bageraga ku bihumbi 120. Ati: “Iyo dufashe abantu ibihumbi 120 bari bafunzwe tukareba ko mu myaka itanu hari haburanishijwe abantu ibihumbi bitandatu gusa, byagaragaraga ko kubaburanisha byari gutwara imyaka irenga ijana.”

Yavuze ko icyo gihe kandi icyizere cyo kubaho cy’Umunyarwanda cyabarirwaga hafi ku myaka 32. Ibi byasobanuraga ko abarokotse Jenoside benshi bari kuzapfa batarabona ubutabera, mu gihe n’abakekwagaho ibyaha bari kuzapfa bataracirwa imanza.

Imvano y’Inkiko Gacaca

Mu gushaka umuti urambye, Perezidansi ya Repubulika yatumiye Inama zo mu Rugwiro zahuje Abanyarwanda b’ingeri zitandukanye barimo abanyapolitiki, abanyamadini, impuguke n’abandi bahanga.

Mu matsinda yatekerezaga ku bibazo bitandukanye by’igihugu, iryarebaga ubutabera ryagaragaje ko igihugu cyakongera kwifashisha umuco nyarwanda wo gukemura amakimbirane binyuze muri ‘Gacaca’. Icyo gitekerezo cyemejwe n’abitabiriye izo nama, hafatwa umwanzuro wo gushyiraho ‘Inkiko Gacaca’ nk’uburyo bwihariye bwo kuburanisha ibyaha bya Jenoside.

Izo nkiko zagombaga gukorera mu baturage, zikayoborwa n’Abacamanza b’Inyangamugayo batorwaga n’abaturage ubwabo, hagamijwe ko ukuri ku byabaye kumenyekana, abarokotse Jenoside babone ubutabera, ndetse igihugu gitangire urugendo rwo kubaka ubumwe n’ubwiyunge bw’Abanyarwanda.

Inkiko Gacaca zageze ku ntego igihugu cyari cyarihaye

Nyuma yo kwemezwa no gushyirwaho mu buryo bw’amategeko, Inkiko Gacaca zatangiye gukora zishingiye ku ruhare rw’abaturage, aho buri wese yasabwaga gutanga amakuru ku byabaye mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Mu ntangiriro, izo nkiko zakoreraga ku rwego rw’Umurenge, ariko nyuma y’amezi 18 byagaragaye ko abaturage bakoraga ingendo ndende bajya gukurikirana imanza. Byatumye zegerezwa abaturage zigezwa ku rwego rw’Akagari, bituma abaturage benshi barushaho kuzitabira no gutanga ubuhamya.

Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, Rt. Honorable Mukantaganzwa, avuga ko kuva iburanisha nyir’izina ryatangira mu 2005 kugeza Inkiko Gacaca zisoje imirimo yazo, zabaye umusingi ukomeye w’ubutabera bw’u Rwanda. Ati: “Intego nyamukuru yari ukuburanisha abagize uruhare muri Jenoside. Iyo ntego yagezweho kuko Inkiko Gacaca zaburanishije abantu bagera kuri miliyoni ebyiri mu myaka icumi gusa.”

Ni umusaruro utari gushoboka iyo igihugu gikomeza kwishingikiriza ku nkiko zisanzwe gusa. Mu gihe hari haragaragaye ko kuburanisha abantu bose byari gutwara imyaka isaga 100, Inkiko Gacaca zashoboye kurangiza uwo murimo mu gihe cy’imyaka icumi, bituma abarokotse Jenoside babona ubutabera mu gihe gito ugereranyije n’ubunini bw’ikibazo igihugu cyari gifite.

Inkiko Gacaca zaciye umuco wo kudahana

Rt. Honorable Mukantaganzwa agaragaza ko kimwe mu byo Inkiko Gacaca zasize zigezeho ari ukurandura umuco wo kudahana wari warabaye akarande mu Rwanda mbere ya Jenoside.

Asobanura ko mu bihe bitandukanye byaranze amateka y’u Rwanda kuva mu 1959, 1963 na 1973, hakomeje kubaho ubwicanyi n’itotezwa ryakorewe Abatutsi, nyamara ababigizemo uruhare ntibabihanirwe uko bikwiye.

Iyo myitwarire yo kudahana ni imwe mu byafashije ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside gukura no kugera ku rwego rwo gushyirwa mu bikorwa mu 1994. Ati: “Umuco wo kudahana wari warashinze imizi. Abantu bakoraga ibyaha bikomeye ntibabihanirwe, ibyo bikaba byaratumye n’abateguye Jenoside bumva ko na bo batazabihanirwa.”

Avuga ko Inkiko Gacaca zagaragaje ko nta muntu uri hejuru y’amategeko. Yaba umuyobozi, umusirikare, umudepite cyangwa undi wese, iyo yahamagarwaga n’Urukiko Gacaca yagombaga kwitaba nk’uko abandi bose babikoraga. Ibyo byafashije kongera icyizere cy’abaturage mu butabera no kwerekana ko amategeko akwiye kubahirizwa kimwe kuri bose.

Ukuri kwabaye umusingi w’ubwiyunge

Nubwo intego ya mbere yari ugutanga ubutabera, Inkiko Gacaca zanabaye umuyoboro ukomeye wo kumenya ukuri ku byabaye mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.

Mu nkiko, abantu bemeraga uruhare rwabo bakavuga abo bafatanyije ibyaha, aho Abatutsi biciwe ndetse n’aho imibiri yabo yajugunywe. Ayo makuru yafashije imiryango myinshi kubona imibiri y’ababo no kuyishyingura mu cyubahiro, kimwe mu byafashije Abatutsi barokotse Jenoside gutangira urugendo rwo gukira ibikomere.

Rt. Honorable Mukantaganzwa avuga ko hari abarokotse Jenoside batari bazi uwabiciye ababo cyangwa uko bishwe, ariko bakabimenyera mu nkiko. Hari n’aho abagore bashinjaga abagabo babo, abana bagatanga ubuhamya ku babyeyi babo cyangwa abavandimwe bagashinjanya, byose bigamije ko ukuri kujya ahagaragara. Ati: “Ukuri kwabohoye benshi. Hari abantu bari bamaze imyaka bahakana ibyo bakoze, ariko bamaze kwemera icyaha no gusaba imbabazi, batangira kubohoka mu mutima.”

Yongeraho ko uko imyaka yagendaga ishira, Abanyarwanda batangiye kongera kubana, bagasubirana icyizere no kubaka imibereho ishingiye ku bwiyunge.

Abanyarwanda bagaragaje ubushobozi bwo kwikemurira ibibazo

Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga agaragaza ko Inkiko Gacaca zabaye ikimenyetso gikomeye cy’ubushobozi bw’Abanyarwanda bwo gushaka ibisubizo bishingiye ku muco n’indangagaciro byabo.

Nubwo hari ababanje kuzinenga cyangwa bashidikanya ku mikorere yazo, uko imyaka yagiye ishira zagaragaje ubushobozi bwo gutanga ibisubizo ku kibazo isi yose yabonaga nk’ikidashoboka. Anibuka urubanza rumwe rwabereye mu Ruhango rwatinze kurangira kubera uburemere bwarwo, abari barurimo bamara iminsi ibiri ariko bararusoza.

Ati: “Abacamanza baraduhamagaye bavuga ko nibarusubika hari impungenge z’uko bamwe bashobora gutanga ruswa cyangwa bagatoroka. Twababwiye gukomeza kugeza barangije.”

Urwo rubanza rwarakomeje kugeza mu rukerera rw’undi munsi, ari bwo urubanza rwasomwe. Ibintu agaragaza nk’urugero rw’ubwitange bwaranze Abacamanza b’Inyangamugayo n’abaturage.

Isi na yo yaje kwemera umwihariko wa Gacaca

Nubwo mu ntangiriro hari amahanga yagaragazaga impungenge ku mikorere y’Inkiko Gacaca, uko zakomezaga gutanga umusaruro ni ko zatangiye kwigwaho nk’uburyo bwihariye bwo gutanga ubutabera nyuma buhamye.

Rt. Honorable Mukantaganzwa avuga ko n’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (ICTR) rwigeze kwifashisha amakuru yakusanyijwe n’Inkiko Gacaca mu iperereza no mu manza zarwo.

Kuri we, ibyo byagaragaje ko ubunararibonye bw’u Rwanda bwatangiye no guhabwa agaciro ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Imibare yakozwe na Kaminuza y’u Rwanda na yo yagaragaje ko inshingano Inkiko Gacaca zari zarahawe zagezweho ku kigero kirenga 95%.

Isomo ku Rwanda rw’uyu munsi

Mu gihe u Rwanda rwizihiza imyaka 32 yo Kwibohora, Rt. Honorable Mukantaganzwa avuga ko amateka y’Inkiko Gacaca akwiye gukomeza kubera Abanyarwanda isomo rikomeye.

Avuga ko icyatumye igihugu kibasha guhangana n’ikibazo cyari gisa n’ikidashoboka atari ubushobozi bw’amafaranga cyangwa inkunga z’amahanga gusa, ahubwo ari icyemezo cy’Abanyarwanda cyo kwishakira ibisubizo no kubaka igihugu gishingiye ku bumwe.

Asanga urubyiruko rukwiye kumenya aya mateka kugira ngo rusigasire ibyo igihugu cyagezeho, rukarwanya icyatuma Abanyarwanda basubira mu macakubiri.

Ati: “Abanyarwanda bakwiye gukomeza kwizera ubushobozi bwabo bwo kwikemurira ibibazo no gukomeza kubungabunga ubumwe n’ubwiyunge. Ibyo ni byo byubakiyeho u Rwanda rw’uyu munsi.”