Ibyo wamenya ku izina ry’icyubahiro “Sir” ritangwa n’Ubwami bw’u Bwongereza

Mu Isi y’imyidagaduro muri iki cyumweru kimwe mu bintu biri kuvugwaho cyane ni izina ry’icyubahiro ‘Sir’ ryahawe umukinnyi w’icyamamare ndetse wigaruriye imitima ya benshi mu bakunzi ba Sinema bitewe n’uburyo azikina akanazitunganya Idris Elba ku wa 2 Kamena 2026, byatumye Imvaho Nshya icukumbura byinshi kuri uwo mwanya w’icyubahiro maze twegeranya bimwe by’ingenzi ukeneye kuwumenyaho.

Nk’ibisanzwe, hari amazina y’icyubahiro adahabwa umuntu wese, ahubwo ahabwa abantu bagize uruhare rukomeye mu guteza imbere sosiyete. Rimwe mu mazina azwi cyane ni “Sir”, itangwa n’Ubwami bw’u Bwongereza. Ariko se iri zina risobanura iki? ritangwa gute, kandi ni bande baryemererwa?

Uyu muhango watangiye hagati mu kinyejana cya 8 n’icya 14, iki gihe umwami yahaga umusirikare iki cyubahiro bitewe n’imyitwarire yamuranze mu mirimo ye, icyizere yabaga yaragaragaje ndetse n’ubudahemuka ariko ntabwo yahabwaga izina “Sir” ahubwo icyo gihe yahabwaga “Knight”.

William Marshal (1146–1219) ni umwe mu ndwanyi zizwi zahawe iri zina ry’icyubahiro, ndetse anafatwa nk’indwanyi ya mbere mu mateka y’u Bwongereza, yarwaniye abami batanu, yahawe iri zina mu 1166 anaba urugero rwiza rwo kuba indwanyi yizerwa i bwami.

Kwitwa Knight byatandukanyaga umusirikare n’abandi harimo nko kuba we yaragendaga ku ifarashi mu rugamba, guhabwa amahirwe yo kurinda umwami cyangwa i bwami, ndetse no guhabwa umwanya mu ndwanyi z’akataraboneka Umwami yizeraga. Muri make iki gihe uyu mwanya wari uw’igisirikare cyane kurusha kuba uw’icyubahiro.

Mu mwaka wa 1100  habaye impinduka mu buryo iri zina ryatangwaga maze ritangira guhabwa abasirikare hatagendewe ku mirwanire n’ubuhanga ku rugamba ahubwo ku murava, kuba umwizerwa ndetse n’imyitwarire myiza. Iki gihe iri zina ryari rihindutse iry’icyubahiro kuruta kuba iry’akazi.

Mu mwaka wa 1300 guhabwa izina rya “Knight” cyangwa indwanyi y’i bwami yihariye byahise byiharirwa n’ubwami cyane kurenza igisirikare ari na bwo batangiye kwitwa “Sir” aho gukomeza kuba “Knight”.

“Sir” ni izina ry’icyubahiro rihabwa umugabo wagizwe “Knight” n’Umwami cyangwa Umwamikazi w’u Bwongereza, ubu ni King Charles III. Iri zina rigaragaza ko umuntu yagize uruhare rudasanzwe mu iterambere ry’umuryango, igihugu cyangwa Isi yose. Iyo ari umugore we ahabwa izina rihwanye naryo ryitwa “Dame”.

Ni bande bashobora kwitwa “Sir” n’Ubwami bw’u Bwongereza?

Iri shimwe ntirigenewe umwuga umwe gusa, rishobora guhabwa abantu batandukanye harimo, abahanzi n’abakina filimi, abakinnyi b’imikino itandukanye, abashakashatsi n’abahanga, abacuruzi bakomeye, ndetse n’abakora ibikorwa by’ubugiraneza.

Bimwe mu byamamare byahawe izina rya “Sir “

Idris Elba yahawe “Sir” n’ubwami bw’u Bwongereza ku wa 2 Kamena 2026 biturutse mu buhanga bwe bwo gukina no gutegura filimi ndetse n’ibikorwa bye byo gufasha urubyiruko binyuze mu muryango yashinze wa Idris Foundation.

Stephen Hawking, yiswe “Sir” ku ya 16 Mata 1982 n’Umwamikazi w’u Bwongereza Queen Elizabeth II biturutse ku buhanga bwe n’ubushakashatsi mu bya siyansi cyane ko afatwa nk’umwe mu bavumbuzi beza babayeho mu mateka kuko yatumye Isi isobanukirwa neza n’isanzure.

David Beckham ari ku rutonde rw’abitegura guhabwa “Sir” bitewe n’uruhare rukomeye yagize mu mupira w’u Bwongereza haba muri Manchester United ndetse n’igihe yari Kapiteni w’ikipe y’igihugu, uruhare mu guteza imbere siporo mu ruhando mpuzamahanga, n’ibikorwa by’ubugiraneza yagiye agaragaramo.

Alex Ferguson yahawe “Sir” ku ya 12 Kamena 1999, biturutse ku ruhare rwe no guhindura Manchester United ikipe ikomeye mu ruhando mpuzamahanga ndetse n’ibikombe bitatu by’amateka yatwaye mu mwaka umwe icya, Premier League, FA Cup, na UEFA Champions League ibyamuhinduye umwe mu batoza bakomeye babayeho mu mateka ya ruhago.

Bobby Charlton yahawe “Sir” mu mwaka wa 1994, biturutse ku Igikombe cy’Isi yafashije Ikipe y’igihugu y’u Bwongereza gutwara, uruhare rwe muri Manchester United, ndetse yiswe umukinnyi wa mbere mu mateka y’u Bwongereza, ndetse n’ibikorwa bitandukanye byo guteza imbere ruhago n’abandi.

Umugore wakoze ibikorwa byihariye ahabwa ‘DAME’

Helen Mirren wahawe “DAME” ku wa 14 Kamena 2003 awuhawe n’umwamikazi Queen Elizabeth II biturutse ku ruhare rwe mu guteza imbere umuco w’u Bwongereza ndetse n’ubuhanga bwe mu gukina filimi.

Emma Thompson na we yahawe ‘Dame’ mu 2018 bitewe n’ubuhanga bwe mu gukina amafilimi, ibikombe yatwaye bya Oscar, ndetse n’uko yakinnye neza muri Harry Potter n’izindi filimi zitandukanye z’Abongereza.

Ese abanyamahanga bashobora guhabwa “Sir”?

Yego, ariko hari itandukaniro. Abanyamahanga bashobora guhabwa uyu mwanya wa “Sir” (knighthood) y’icyubahiro, ariko ntibemerewe gukoresha izina “Sir” imbere y’izina ryabo mu buryo bwemewe. Urugero ni nka Bill Gates yahawe knighthood y’icyubahiro, ariko ntabwo yitwa “Sir Bill Gates”.

Ni iki kigena uyihabwa?

Nta mategeko abigenga neza, ariko hari iby’ingenzi bigenderwaho; ibikorwa bigira impinduka zigaragara ku gihugu cyangwa ku Isi, gukorera sosiyete no kuyiteza imbere, kwiyegurira umurimo igihe kirekire, Kugira uruhare rwiza muri sosiyete.

Iyo igihe cyegereje, abaturage batanga amazina y’abantu batandukanye bakwiriye guhabwa “Sir”, akanama nkemurampaka kakicara kakiga ubikwiriye agahabwa uyu mwanya w’icyubahiro.

Uko uyu muhango ukorwa

Iyo umuntu yamaze kwemezwa n’akanama nkemurampaka hategurwa ibirori byo kubishyira ku mugaragaro, hagenwa aho biri bubere, Umwami cyangwa Umwamikazi akahagera, hahamagarwa Izina ry’uhabwa iri zina maze akegera imbere agapfukama, umwami akoza inkota ku ntugu zombi maze akavuga ati “Haguruka Sir cyangwa Dame”, hagakurikiraho izina ryuwo muntu ibi biba bivuze ko yiswe Sir cyangwa Dame n’ubwami bw’u Bwongereza byemewe n’amategeko. 

Si “Sir” cyangwa “Dame” gusa rihabwa umuntu w’icyubahiro mu bwami bw’u Bwongereza ahubwo hari na MBE (Member of the Order of the British Empire) rihabwa umuntu ucyinjira mu muryango w’Ubwami bw’Abongereza, rihabwa uwafashije sosiyete, OBE (Officer of the Order of the British Empire) rihabwa uwagize uruhare cyangwa impinduka ku gihugu, CBE (Commander of the Order of the British Empire), uwakoze neza mu buyobozi, ndetse na Lord cyangwa Lady (Life Peer / Lord /Lady (House of Lords), rihabwa umunyapolitiki wakoze imirimo ye neza.

Izina “Sir” si izina risanzwe, ahubwo ni ikimenyetso cy’icyubahiro n’ingaruka nziza umuntu aba yaragize ku Isi. Ritandukanye n’icyubahiro gisanzwe kuko risaba ibikorwa bikomeye, ubwitange, n’uruhare rufatika mu guteza imbere abandi.