Imisambi y’u Rwanda yageze ku 1 438 kubera kubungabunga ibidukikije

Ibarura rya 10 ryo gukurikirana imisambi n’uburyo ibungabungwa ryagaragaje ko mu Rwanda habarurwa imisambi 1 438, ivuye kuri 300 yari isigaye mu gasozi mu 2015, ubwiyongere bwaturutse ku kwimakaza gahunda zo kubungabunga ibidukikije.

Iri barura ryashyizwe ahagaragara kuri uyu wa Gatanu tariki ya 14 Kanama 2026, ubusanzwe  rikorwa n’Umuryango nyarwanda udaharanira inyungu ushinzwe kubungabunga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima n’indiri yarwo kamere(RWCA), aho ryagaragaje ko umubare w’izi nyoni ziri mu byiciro by’ibinyabuzima biri mu kaga kuko bibangamirwa n’ibikorwa bya muntu, ukomeje kwiyongera, nyuma y’imyaka icumi ibikorwa byo kuzirinda bishyizwemo imbaraga.

RWCA yatangiye gahunda yo kubungabunga imisambi mu 2015, icyo gihe hakaba harabarurwaga ko mu Rwanda hasigaye imisambi itarenga 300 iri mu mashyamba.

Ibarura rya mbere ryakozwe ku rwego rw’igihugu mu 2017 ryagaragaje imisambi 487, riba ari na ryo ryashyizeho imibare ya mbere yizewe mu buryo bwa gihanga ku mubare w’izi nyoni mu Rwanda.

Kuva icyo gihe, ibarura ryagiye rikorwa buri mwaka, bituma haboneka amakuru akurikirana agaragaza uko umubare w’imisambi wagiye uhinduka, aho yororerwa n’aho igaburirirwa, uko igenda hagati y’ibishanga ndetse n’ahagaragara ibibazo bishobora kubangamira ubuzima bwayo.

Kuzamuka k’umubare w’izi nyoni kwagezweho binyuze mu bikorwa bitandukanye birimo kurwanya kuyihiga no kuyitunga mu buryo butemewe, gusubiza mu gasozi imisambi yari yarafashwe ikajyanwa mu ngo, kurinda no gusana ibishanga, kongera ubushobozi bwo kuyikurikirana no gukaza iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko ayirengera.

RWCA kandi ivuga ko abaturage bagize uruhare rukomeye muri ibi bikorwa, cyane cyane binyuze mu gutanga amakuru no kurinda imisambi aho batuye.

Umuyobozi Wungirije wa RWCA, Dr Ruhagazi Deo yavuze ko iyi ntambwe ari umusaruro w’abaturage n’abandi bose bagize uruhare mu kubungabunga imisambi.

Yagize ati: “Iyi ntambwe ni abaturage bayigizemo uruhare. Imyaka icumi yo gukurikirana izi nyoni iduhaye ibirenze kumenya umubare wazo. Yatweretse aho zororokera, aho zihura n’ibibazo n’aho ibikorwa byacu bigomba kwibanda mu gihe kiri imbere.

Uwo muryango uhamya ayo makuru aboneka kubera ko Abakorerabushake bawo mu kubungabunga ibidukikije n’abayirinda, bayakusanya mu bishanga bitandukanye, umunsi ku munsi, ndetse n’uko abaturage bahisemo kurinda imisambi aho kuyihiga. Dr Deo ati: “Umubare w’imisambi mu Rwanda wagarutse kubera ko Abanyarwanda ari bo bawugaruye.”

Uwo Muryango uvuga ko kuva ku misambi itarenga 300 mu 2015 kugeza kuri 1 438 ubu, iri zamuka rigaragaza uruhare rwo kungabunga ibidukikije burambye, kurinda no gusana ibishanga ndetse no kugira abaturage abafatanyabikorwa b’ingenzi mu kubungabunga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima.

Igihe RWCA yatangizaga gahunda yo kubungabunga imisambi mu 2015, ifatwa ryayo mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko hagamijwe kuyicuruza nk’amatungo yo mu rugo, kuyibika mu busitani bw’abantu ku giti cyabo no muri hoteli, ndetse no kwangirika gukabije kw’ibishanga, byari byaratumye iyi nyoni yenda gucika mu Rwanda.

RWCA, ku bufatanye bwa hafi na Guverinoma y’u Rwanda, yatangije gahunda yo mu gihugu hose igamije guca burundu ubwikorezi n’ubworozi bw’imisambi mu buryo butemewe n’amategeko. Hatangijwe igikorwa cyo kubarura imisambi yose yari izwi ko ifungiye mu ngo cyangwa ahandi, kuyirokora aho yari ibitswe mu buryo butemewe, kuyivura no kuyisubiza mu ishyamba, aho byinshi muri byo byongeye gusubizwa mu buzima bwo mu gasozi.

Uwo muryango wavuze ko kurinda imisambi imwe imwe byari igice kimwe gusa cy’umuti w’ikibazo, cyongeraho isomo rikomeye ryavuye mu myaka icumi yikurikiranya yo kuyikurikirana, ari uko ibishanga bifite ubuzima ari ishingiro ry’izamuka ry’umubare w’imisambi.

Uwo muryango uvuga ko imisambi ikenera ibishanga kugira ngo yororoke kandi ibone ibyo kurya, kandi ikagenda yimuka hagati y’ibishanga bitandukanye n’ahabikikije mu bihe bitandukanye by’umwaka.

Iyo ibishanga byangiritse cyangwa bikabangamirwa, imisambi yimukira ahandi ishaka ahantu hatekanye yabasha kororera no kubona ibyo kurya.

Uko amakuru yavuye mu igenzura yakomezaga kwiyongera, byagaragaye ko kuzahura umubare w’imisambi mu Rwanda bisaba kubungabunga urusobe rw’ahantu hatekanye kandi hafite ubuzima, mu bice bitandukanye by’igihugu.

Ibi byatumye hashyirwaho uburyo bwuzuye bwo kubungabunga ibidukikije buyobowe n’abaturage, bukomatanya gusana no kurinda ibishanga, gukurikirana imisambi hifashishijwe ubumenyi bwa siyansi, kugabanya ibikorwa biyibangamira, gutanga uburezi ku kubungabunga ibidukikije no guteza imbere imibereho y’abaturage, byose bikorwa ku bufatanye bukomeye n’abaturage ndetse na Leta.

Mu bikorwa bya RWCA harimo gahunda y’abaturage batoranyijwe nk’Abahagarariye ibikorwa byo kubungabunga ibidukikije mu baturage (Community Conservation Champions) ndetse n’Abarinzi b’ibidukikije bo mu baturage (Community Rangers). Bakurikirana ahororerwa imisambi, bagatanga amakuru ku bikorwa bibangamira ibidukikije, bakarwanya ibikorwa bitemewe birimo kuyihiga, ndetse bagakorana n’abaturage mu kurinda ibishanga by’ingenzi.

Imibare yashyizwe ahagaragara yerekana ko mu mwaka wa 2017 mu Rwanda habaruwe imisambi 487, mu 2018 iba 459, mu 2019 irazamuka iba 748, 2020 habaruwe igera kuri 881, 2021 yari 997, 2022 iba 1 066, 2023 yari 1 216, 2024 iba 1 293, mu gihe mu 2025 yari igeze 1 245.

Igishanga cya Rugezi: Urugero rwiza rwo kubungabunga ibidukikije

Nta handi kuzahuka kw’imisambi mu Rwanda kugaragara cyane nko mu Gishanga cya Rugezi. Mu 2017, mu Gishanga cya Rugezi habazwe imisambi 71 gusa. Mu 2026, umubare wayo wari ugeze kuri 378, ukomeza kwiyongera buri mwaka. Ubu Rugezi yonyine ibamo ibirenga kimwe cya kane cy’imisambi yose iboneka mu Rwanda.

Uku kuzamuka kw’umubare w’imisambi kwajyanye n’imyaka myinshi yashyizwe mu gusana no kurinda iki gishanga, ndetse no gukorana n’abaturage bagikikije.

Kugeza ubu, itsinda rya RWCA rigizwe n’abarinzi b’ibidukikije bo mu baturage 75 rikora amarondo muri iki gishanga buri munsi.

Bakurikirana imisambi n’aho yororokera, batanga amakuru ku bikorwa bitemewe, bagashyigikira ibikorwa byo gusana ibishanga kandi bagakorana n’abaturage mu kugabanya ibikorwa bishobora kwangiza iki gishanga.

Mu gishanga cya Rugezi nyuma yo kukibunga imisambi yakibagamo yariyongereye aho mu 2017 yari 71, mu 2018 iba 94, 2019 yari 134, 2020 yari igeze kuri 166, mu 2021 yageze ku misambi 203,mu 2022 yari 221, 2023 yari 273, mu 2024 igera kuri 289, 2025 yageze kuri 351 mu gihe kuri ubu ari 378.

Kubungabunga imisambi ntibigira imipaka

Mu myaka icumi ishize, ibikorwa byo gukurikirana imisambi byanatumye haboneka ubumenyi bwinshi ku bijyanye n’uko iyi nyoni yimuka.

Habayeho gukoresha ibyuma bya GPS bifatishwa ku misambi byagaragaje ko iyi nyoni isanzwe yambuka imipaka y’u Rwanda ikajya muri Uganda na Tanzania. Ibi byagaragaje ko kurinda imisambi yo mu Rwanda bisaba ubufatanye n’ibihugu bihana imbibi n’u Rwanda.

Mu 2022, RWCA yatangije gahunda yo kubungabunga imisambi ihuriweho n’ibihugu bitandukanye binyuze mu bigo bishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije, birimo Nature Uganda, Nature Tanzania ndetse na International Crane Foundation. Mu 2025, Association Burundaise pour la Protection de la Nature (ABN) na yo yinjiye muri iyi gahunda.

Uyu munsi, imiryango ikorera muri ibi bihugu bine ikora ibarura ry’imisambi rihuza ibihugu, bigafasha kubona ishusho rusange y’umubare w’imisambi n’uko yimuka muri aka karere, ndetse bikanafasha kunoza igenamigambi ryo kuyibungabunga.

Nubwo umubare w’imisambi ukomeje kwiyongera mu buryo bushimishije, iyi nyoni iracyashyizwe mu cyiciro cy’inyamaswa ziri mu kaga ko kuzimira, ku rutonde rw’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga uharanira kubungabunga ibidukikije n’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima (IUCN) rugaragaza ibinyabuzima biri mu kaga.

RWCA ivuga ko kwangirika kw’ibishanga, kwaguka kw’ubuhinzi, kubangamira aho yororerwa, kuyifata no kuyorora mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko ndetse n’amakimbirane agenda yiyongera hagati y’abantu n’inyamaswa bikomeje gushyira mu kaga imisambi n’ahantu iba.