Ingingo 10 z’imyumvire idahwitse abantu bagifite kuri AI

Hashize imyaka irenga 80 igitekerezo cy’ubwenge buhangano (Artificial Intelligence – AI) kivutse, ubwo abahanga batangiye kwibaza niba imashini zishobora gutekereza no kugirana ibiganiro bihamye n’abantu. Mu mpeshyi ya 1956, John McCarthy, ufatwa nka “Se wa AI – The father of AI”, yateguye inama yabereye muri Kaminuza ya Dartmouth muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ari na bwo bwa mbere hatangiye ubushakashatsi ku ikoranabuhanga ryaje guhindura Isi.

Uko ryagiye ritera imbere, by’umwihariko guhera mu 2010 ubwo imashini zatangiye kwiga amakuru menshi yagiye ashyirwa kuri murandasi, ni na ko ryazanye impungenge n’imyumvire itandukanye. Imvaho Nshya yakusanyije ingingo 10 z’imyumvire itari yo abantu bagifite kuri AI, n’ukuri kw’iri koranabuhanga ryashyiriweho gufasha umuntu kugera ku iterambere no kugera ku ntego yaburi kintu cyose cyifashisha ikoranabuhanga mu buryo bwihuse kandi bunoze.

1. AI izasimbura imirimo yose y’abantu

Hari abibwira ko AI izatwara imirimo yose ikorwa n’abantu, nyamara si ko bimeze. BBC yemeza ko imirimo myinshi izasaba gukorana n’abantu, kuko AI ikenera gukurikiranwa. Raporo ya Goldman Sachs ivuga ko AI ishobora gusimbura imirimo miliyoni 300 ku Isi, ariko ikazongera guhanga indi myinshi. Abahanga mu bukungu basaba Isi “gufata ingamba zihuse” kuko mu myaka 10 iri imbere AI ishobora kuzaba ifite imbaraga zirenze ubushobozi bwa muntu. Ariko na none, iri koranabuhanga ntiryigenga: rikenera abantu kugira ngo rirusheho gutanga umusaruro. Ikizabaho si ugusimbura abantu, uko AI hari abo izambura imirimo ni na ko zahanga indi mishya kandi na yo ikeneye abantu.

2. AI itekereza nk’abantu

AI ntitekereza nk’abantu, ntigira amarangamutima cyangwa inyurabwenge. MIT ivuga ko icyo AI ibasha gukora ari ugukusanya no gusesengura amakuru. Ishobora kwiga ariko ntisobanukirwe ibyo yiga nk’abantu. Abahanga bahamya ko ari “umufasha w’umunyembaraga” ariko udashobora gutekereza mu buryo bwa muntu. Uko abantu bakorana na AI ni ko na yo yongera ubumenyi bwayo, ariko ntizigera igira ubushobozi bwo kwimenya.

3. AI iteka ivugisha ukuri

Hari abibwira ko AI idashobora kwibeshya. Nyamara ishobora gukora amakosa, igatanga ibisubizo bishingiye ku makuru atari yo cyangwa abogamye. Wall Street Journal yerekana ko hari ibyo bita “AI hallucination”, aho AI itanga ibihamya bihimbano. Kugira ngo wirinde, ni ngombwa kuyihaza amakuru yizewe menshi, bigatuma ibasha gutahura amakosa vuba. Ariko gutahura amakuru nyayo ni kudakora amakosa, ibihabwa n’abantu. Ibyo bayihaye ni byo na yo itanga.

4. AI ntishobora kubogama

AI ishobora kubogama bitewe n’amakuru yahawe. UNESCO igira inama abantu yo kutemera buri kimwe cyose gitanzwe na AI batabanje kugisesengura. Abakoresha AI bakwiye kuyifasha gukosora ibitagenda neza, kugira ngo mu gihe kizaza izatange amakuru anonosoye.

5. AI ikoreshwa gusa n’impuguke

Si byo. Uyu munsi AI ikoreshwa n’abanyeshuri, abarimu, abanyamakuru, abaganga, abahinzi n’abacuruzi. Nta bumenyi buhambaye mu by’ikoranabuhanga busabwa kugira ngo uyikoreshe. Ni igikoresho cyoroshya imirimo, nubwo kongera ubushobozi bwayo bisaba abahanga.

6. AI ni igihangano gishya

Nubwo yamenyekanye cyane mu myaka 10 ishize, AI yatangiye mu myaka ya 1950. Igishya ni uko iterambere rya mudasobwa, ubwiyongere bw’ububiko bw’amakuru n’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho byayihaye imbaraga. Ibihugu bikomeje gushaka ingufu zihamye, nk’iza Nikeleyeri, kugira ngo AI ikomeze gukora nta mbogamizi ziturutse ku ibura ry’amashanyarazi. AI si nshya, ahubwo iteye imbere vuba ariko ni iya cyera cyane mu myaka igera kuri 80.

7. AI izi byose

Hari abibwira ko AI izi byose. Nyamara ubumenyi bwayo bugira aho buhera n’aho burangirira. BBC ivuga ko AI yubakiye ku “algorithm”, amategeko akurikizwa na mudasobwa mu gusubiza cyangwa gukora umurimo runaka. Nta internet cyangwa amakuru, AI ntacyo yakora.

8. AI ishobora gukemura ibibazo byose

Nubwo AI ifite ubushobozi bwo gutanga ibisubizo byinshi, si igisubizo cy’ibibazo byose. Hari ibibazo bikiri ku rwego rwo hejuru ku buryo AI idashobora kubikemura. Ibibazo bya muntu bikenera inyurabwenge ya muntu, amahame ngengamyitwarire n’ubushobozi bwo kumva imiterere nyayo.

9. Gukoresha AI ni ugukopera

Hari abibwira ko gukoresha AI ari ugukopera. Nyamara si ko bimeze. AI ni igikoresho cyoroshya imirimo. Mu gihe cy’akazi, gukoresha AI bifasha gutanga umusaruro mwinshi mu gihe gito. Gukoresha AI mu kizamini byabujijwe cyangwa ahandi aho ari ho hose bitemewe ni byo byafatwa nko gukopera, ariko aho yemewe ni uburyo bwo kunoza imirimo.

10. AI iri hafi kwigarurira Isi

Hari abibwira ko AI izigarurira Isi. Nyamara si byo. AI ni igikoresho gikora ku murongo washyizweho n’abantu. Ntigira imitekerereze yihariye cyangwa ubushobozi bwo kwishyiriraho gahunda. Ibyo byose bigaragaza ko ari igikoresho cyashyiriweho gufasha abantu, si icyo kubasimbura.

Iyi myumvire idahwitse ishobora kugira ingaruka ku muntu ku giti cye, ku gihugu ndetse no ku Isi yose. Hari abashobora kwirara bakabura akazi kubera kutamenya imikoreshereze ya AI, abandi bagasubizwa inyuma mu bucuruzi. Ariko abamenya gukorana na yo neza bazabona amahirwe yo gutanga umusaruro mwinshi, guhanga udushya no kugera ku iterambere. Nk’uko UNESCO ibivuga, “AI ni igikoresho, si igisubizo cya byose.” Iyo myumvire ikwiye guhinduka kugira ngo abantu bose babashe kuyibyaza umusaruro mu nyungu rusange.