“Nta watwumvaga”: Impamvu urubyiruko rwa Gen Z rwishora mu myigaragambyo i Burayi

Imyigaragambyo iyobowe n’urubyiruko rw’ikiragano cya Gen Z ikomeje gukwirakwira mu bihugu bitandukanye by’u Burayi, birimo u Bufaransa, u Butaliyani, u Bubiligi na Albaniya, iterwa n’ibibazo birimo izamuka ry’ibiciro, imikorere mibi y’ibigo by’amashuri, ruswa no kutabona amahirwe y’akazi.

Iyi myigaragambyo yatumye muri Seribiya urubyiruko rw’abanyeshuri rufasha guhirika ku butegetsi umuyobozi wari umaze igihe kirekire ayobora igihugu, mu gihe no mu Budage hateganyijwe indi myigaragambyo irwanya ibibazo by’ubukungu n’imibereho y’abaturage.

Maya Gourdel, umunyeshuri w’imyaka 19 utuye i Buruseli mu Bubiligi, ari mu rubyiruko rwiyemeje gusaba impinduka, aho yanditse amagambo arwanya abayobozi b’igihugu cye agira ati: “Nidushya, tuzashyana namwe!”

Aya magambo yakomotse muri filimi, “The Hunger Games” yasohotse mu 2012, yakoreshejwe n’imitwe itandukanye y’urubyiruko ku isi nk’ikimenyetso cyo kurwanya akarengane no gusaba impinduka.

Kuva mu nkengero za Paris mu Bufaransa kugeza mu bibuga rusange bya Belgrade muri Seribiya, ibihumbi by’urubyiruko byagiye mu mihanda bigaragaza uburakari n’agahinda batewe n’ibibazo bibangamiye imibereho yabo.

Nubwo ibyo basaba bitandukanye bitewe n’ibihugu, bose bahurira ku kutishimira imikorere mibi y’amashuri, kubura amahirwe y’akazi, izamuka ry’ibiciro, ruswa, ikibazo cy’amacumbi no kumva ko abayobozi batabatega amatwi.

Hari aho imyigaragambyo yageze ku bikorwa by’urugomo, aho mu Bufaransa amaduka ibihumbi yangijwe cyangwa arasahurwa mu byumweru bishize, mu gihe inzego za Polisi zakoresheje ibyuka biryana mu maso, ibikoresho bisakuza cyane n’amazi yotsa mu gutatanya abigaragambya.

Seribiya: Imyigaragambyo yateje impinduka muri politiki

Muri Seribiya, imyigaragambyo imaze hafi imyaka ibiri irwanya ruswa ivugwa mu nzego z’ubutegetsi no kwikubira ubutegetsi k’umuntu umwe, yageze ku mpinduka zikomeye ubwo Aleksandar Vučić wari umaze igihe kirekire ku butegetsi, yatsindwaga mu matora.

Stasa Piletic, umwe mu banyeshuri bari mu myigaragambyo, yavuze ko ibyabaye byabazaniye icyizere n’ubwisanzure.

Yagize ati: “Tukibyuka, ikintu cya mbere twumvise ni ukuruhuka no kumva ko twisanzuye. Ku giti cyanjye, numva ko twatsinze. Numva ko nk’urubyiruko amaherezo tuvuye mu myigaragambyo tukinjira mu nshingano.”

Luka Stojakovic, undi munyeshuri wari mu myigaragambyo, yavuze ko kutagira uburambe mu bya politiki bidakwiye kubuza urubyiruko kugerageza.

Yagize ati: “Twabonye aho abantu bafite uburambe muri politiki batugejeje.”

Izamuka ry’ibiciro n’ubusumbane mu bihangayikishije urubyiruko

Imyigaragambyo iyobowe naba Gen Z yakwirakwiriye no mu bindi bice by’isi, aho uru rubyiruko, ahanini rugizwe n’abavutse hagati ya 1997 na 2012, rwagiye rugaragaza ko rushaka kugira uruhare mu byemezo bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwarwo.

Mu 2024, urubyiruko rwo muri Bangladesh rwakoze imyigaragambyo ikomeye, mu 2025 habaho n’iyabereye muri Nepal, mu gihe no mu Buhinde rwakomeje kugaragaza uruhare mu bikorwa byo gusaba impinduka.

Raporo y’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi yasohotse mu 2025 yagaragaje ko izamuka ry’ibiciro n’ikiguzi cy’imibereho bihangayikishije 40% by’urubyiruko ruri hagati y’imyaka 16 na 30.

Iyi mibare yagaragaje kandi ko mu baturage miliyoni 92,7 bo mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi bari bafite ibyago byo gukena cyangwa guhezwa mu mibereho mu 2025, ibyago byari byinshi mu bafite imyaka 18 kugeza kuri 24, aho byari kuri 26,3%. Mu bafite imyaka 65 kuzamura, byari kuri 18,8%.

Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku bukungu OFCE cyo mu Bufaransa kigaragaza ko abantu bafite imyaka irenga 60 bagize kimwe cya kane cy’abaturage b’icyo gihugu, ariko bakaba bafite 60% by’umutungo wacyo.

Mu Bufaransa, amafaranga Leta ikoresha mu kwishyura pansiyo ni yo menshi kurusha ayandi, kandi ateganyijwe kugera kuri 14% by’umusaruro mbumbe w’ubukungu, mu gihe abaturage bakuze biyongera, hanyuma abatora bakarwanya izamurwa ry’imyaka yo kujya mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru cyangwa kugabanya amafaranga ahabwa abacyinjiye.

Nubwo bimeze bityo, icyo gipimo kiri munsi y’icyo mu Bugereki no mu Butaliyani, biri mu bihugu bigize Umuryango w’Ubukungu n’Ubutwererane mu Iterambere (OECD) bikoresha igice kinini cy’umusaruro mbumbe w’ubukungu mu kwishyura pansiyo, hafi 16%.

Mu bihugu birimo Ositaraliya, Chili, Islande, Irilande na Koreya y’Epfo, amafaranga akoreshwa muri pansiyo ya Leta yari munsi ya 4% by’umusaruro mbumbe w’ubukungu, nk’uko imibare ya OECD yo mu 2025 ibigaragaza.

Urubyiruko rwo mu Burayi rurashyigikirana

Mu Bufaransa, Bilal Narjisse, umunyeshuri w’imyaka 17 wiga mu mashuri yisumbuye mu nkengero za Paris, yavuze ko yitabiriye imyigaragambyo yamagana imiterere mibi y’ishuri rye n’ibura ry’abakozi.

Yagize ati: “Hari igihe twajyaga tubona imbeba mu ishuri.”

Yavuze ko mu mwaka ushize abanyeshuri basohowe mu ishuri nyuma y’uko igisenge cy’igikari cy’ishuri gisenyutse, nubwo nta muntu wakomeretse.

Bilal yavuze ko iyi myigaragambyo yerekanye ko urubyiruko rwo mu Burayi ruhuje ibibazo n’ibyo rusaba.

Yagize ati: “Iyi myigaragambyo yerekanye ko urubyiruko rwo mu Burayi rwishyize hamwe. Twese duhuriza ku kintu kimwe, urubyiruko rufatwa nk’abana mu buryo bukabije, kandi ntiruhabwa umwanya uhagije wo gutegwa amatwi.”

Raporo ya Leta y’u Bufaransa yasohotse mu Ukwakira yagaragaje ko amafaranga akoreshwa muri pansiyo yiyongereyeho 2,5% by’umusaruro mbumbe w’ubukungu hagati yo mu 2000 na 2023, mu gihe agenerwa uburezi yagabanutseho 0,5%.

Yagaragaje kandi ko 32% by’ingengo y’imari ya Minisiteri y’Uburezi byakoreshwaga mu kwishyura pansiyo, bigatuma amafaranga asigara agenewe ibindi bikorwa by’uburezi agabanuka.

“Twagerageje mu mahoro, nta watwumvaga”

Maya Gourdel na we yavuze ko yagiye mu myigaragambyo isaba ko ibigo by’amashuri byo mu Bubiligi birushaho kugira ibikoresho n’imiterere iboneye.

Yagize ati: “Twagerageje kubikora mu buryo butarimo urugomo. Nta watwumvaga. Byageze aho abantu batangira gutwika imyanda n’ibindi bisa na byo, ni bwo itangazamakuru na za Camera byatangiye kutwerekana.”

Aya magambo agaragaza impungenge z’urubyiruko rwumva ko ibibazo byarwo bititabwaho kugeza igihe rugaragaje uburakari mu buryo bukurura cyane amaso y’abantu.

Imyigaragambyo ikomeje gukwira mu Burayi, aho mu Budage hateganyijwe indi mu mpera z’icyumweru, izibanda ku izamuka ry’ibiciro, ubusumbane, intambara n’imiterere y’ibigo by’amashuri.

Alubaniya: Urubyiruko nta ejo hazaza rufite mu gihugu cyarwo

Muri Alubaniya na ho habaye imyigaragambyo iyobowe n’abanyeshuri yamagana Guverinoma ya Minisitiri w’Intebe Edi Rama, bitewe n’uburakari buterwa na ruswa ivugwa mu butegetsi, ibura ry’akazi n’ibibazo by’uburezi.

Iyi myigaragambyo yakwirakwiriye mu murwa mukuru Tirana no mu yindi mijyi.

Xyke Kurti, umunyeshuri w’imyaka 19 wiga ibijyanye n’ubwubatsi, yavuze ko ubuyobozi bw’igihugu bwamaze igihe kinini butita ku byo urubyiruko rusaba.

Yagize ati: “Minisitiri w’Intebe wacu yamaze iminsi 130 atatwumva.”

Kurti yavuze ko urubyiruko rwinshi rutagifite icyizere cyo kuzubaka ejo hazaza mu gihugu cyarwo, bitewe n’uko amahirwe y’akazi n’iterambere adatangwa mu buryo buboneye.

Yagize ati: “Ubajije umunyeshuri wo muri Alubaniya aho abona ejo hazaza he, bose bavuga ko ari hanze y’igihugu.”

Yongeyeho ko n’iyo umuntu yaba afite impano n’ubushobozi, bishobora kutamufasha kubona amahirwe aramutse ataziranye nabakomeye.

Yagize ati: “N’iyo waba ufite impano, umuntu ufite abo aziranye na bo azahora akurusha amahirwe.”

Imyigaragambyo yo mu Burayi igaragaza ko urubyiruko rutifuza gusa kubona akazi cyangwa amashuri afite ibikoresho bihagije, ahubwo runasaba ko ruhabwa ijambo mu byemezo bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwarwo.

Nubwo urugendo rwo kuva mu myigaragambyo kugera ku gasongero ukagera no ku kugira uruhare mu buyobozi bigoye, urugero rwa Seribiya rwerekana ko urubyiruko rushobora kugira uruhare rukomeye mu mpinduka za politiki, mu gihe ibibazo rwagaragaje bigikeneye ibisubizo birambye.