U Rwanda, Benin na Ghana bigiye guhererekanya amakuru ndangamuntu ku ikoranabuhanga 

U Rwanda, Ghana na Benin byateye intambwe ikomeye yerekeza ku kubaka Isoko Rusange ry’Ikoranabuhanga muri Afurika binyuze mu guhuza sisitemu nyambukamipaka z’ikoranabuhanga rifasha mu guhererekanya amakuru y’ibiranga abantu.

Iryo koranabuhanga ryiswe Smart Africa Data Exchange (SADX) ni igikorwa remezo cyubakiwe gufasha mu kubungabunga umutekano w’amakuru y’ibiranga abantu bihererekanywa hagati y’ibihugu bya Afurika hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga, ariko bitabaye ngombwa ko ayo makuru abikwa hamwe cyangwa ngo hagire igihugu kibura ubwigenge ku makuru yacyo.  

Smart Africa yatangaje ko  iryo koranabuhanga ari intambwe y’ingenzi mu igerageza rigamije korohereza ibihugu guhanahana no kugenzura amakuru y’irangamuntu mu buryo bwizewe, hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga.

Ni gahunda ihuzwa kandi igakurikiranywa n’Ubunyamabanga bwa Smart Africa, ishingiye ku mikorere ibiri yuzuzanya. Hari Smart Africa Trust Alliance (SATA) ishinzwe gutanga  umurongo rusange w’amahame y’icyizere, imiyoborere n’ubufatanye hagati y’ibihugu byitabiriye iyi gahunda. Hari kandi Smart Africa Data Exchange (SADX), ari yo remezo ry’ikoranabuhanga ryifashishwa mu guhanahana no kugenzura amakuru hagati ya sisitemu z’ibihugu mu buryo bwizewe kandi bufatika.

Izi nzira zombi zifasha ibihugu gukorana no guhanahana amakuru hakurya y’imipaka, buri gihugu kigakomeza kugenzura sisitemu zacyo n’amakuru y’abaturage bacyo, aho gushyira amakuru yose ahantu hamwe.

Ubunyamabanga bwa Smart Africa bwatangaje ko ari intambwe izafasha guteza imbere icyerekezo cya Smart Africa cyo gushyiraho isoko rimwe rya serivisi n’ibikorwa by’ikoranabuhanga muri Afurika, rizafasha serivisi zizewe gutangwa no gukoreshwa hagati y’ibihugu.

Aho ibihugu bitatu bigeze muri iri gerageza

Ubunyamabanga bwa Smart Africa buvuga ko Benin, Ghana n’u Rwanda biri imbere mu gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bushingiye ku ruhare n’ubuyobozi bw’ibihugu ubwabyo, hagamijwe guhuza sisitemu z’ikoranabuhanga ku rwego rwa Afurika, buri gihugu kigakomeza kwigenga no kugenzura amakuru yacyo.

Kugeza ubu ibyo bihugu uko ari bitatu byasoje icyiciro cya ibere cy’igerageza rya SADX. Muri iki cyiciro, byashoboye guhuza sisitemu zabyo mu buryo bw’ibanze no kugaragaza ko kugenzura umwirondoro w’umuntu hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga bishobora gukorwa kuva ku ntangiriro kugeza ku musozo, hifashishijwe amakuru y’igerageza atari ay’abantu nyakuri.

Icyo iri gerageza ryibanzeho mbere na mbere ni ukugenzura umwirondoro w’umuntu wambuka umupaka w’igihugu ajya mu kindi, hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga.

Intego akaba ari ukorohereza abantu ingendo hagati y’ibihugu byitabiriye iyi gahunda. Mu gihe kiri imbere, urugero, umugenzi uvuye mu gihugu kimwe ashobora kugenzurirwa umwirondoro hakoreshejwe amakuru yemewe abitswe muri sisitemu y’igihugu cye, nko ku marembo y’ikoranabuhanga akoreshwa ku bibuga by’indege. Ibi bishobora gutuma igenzura ku mipaka ryihuta kandi rikoroha.

Ubu buryo bushobora no kwifashishwa mu zindi serivisi zambukiranya imipaka. Urugero, ikigo cy’ubucuruzi gishobora kwemeza ko cyanditswe kandi cyemewe n’amategeko kugira ngo gikore ibikorwa mu kindi gihugu; umunyeshuri cyangwa umunyamwuga akemererwa kugenzurirwa impamyabumenyi n’ubumenyi afite mu kindi gihugu; cyangwa umugenzi akagenzura mu buryo bwizewe amakuru ajyanye n’inkingo yahawe.

Uruhare mu guteza imbere ubukungu

Ku birebana n‘akamaro iyi ntambwe ifasha guteza imbere ubukungu bw’ikoranabuhanga muri Afurika. Uretse koroshya ingendo, guhuza sisitemu z’indangamuntu mu buryo bwizewe hagati y’ibihugu ni imwe mu nkingi z’ingenzi z’iterambere ry’ubukungu bwa Afurika bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga.

Mu gihe kiri imbere, ubu buryo bushobora gushyigikira serivisi z’imari zitangwa hagati y’ibihugu, ubucuruzi bukorerwa ku ikoranabuhanga, kugenzura amakuru y’ibigo by’ubucuruzi no koroshya urujya n’uruza rw’abanyamwuga. Ibi byafasha gushyira mu bikorwa intego z’Isoko Rusange rya Afurika (African Continental Free Trade Area – AfCFTA) n’icyerekezo cya Smart Africa cyo gushyiraho isoko rimwe ry’ikoranabuhanga muri Afurika.

Lacina Koné, Umuyobozi Mukuru akaba n’Umuyobozi Nshingwabikorwa wa Smart Africa, yagize ati: “Ahazaza ha Afurika mu ikoranabuhanga ntihashobora kubakwa mu gihe sisitemu z’ibihugu zikomeza gukora zitandukanye kandi zidahujwe. Intego yacu ni uguhuza ubukungu bwacu bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga, buri gihugu kigakomeza kwigenga. Kuba Benin, Ghana n’u Rwanda byateye iyi ntambwe ya mbere ya tekiniki bigaragaza ko guhuza sisitemu bidakenera gushyira amakuru yose ahantu hamwe, kandi ko kwishyira hamwe bidasobanuye gutakaza ubusugire bw’ibihugu.“

Yavuze ko iyo ntambwe ari yo ifasha Abanyafurika kugera ku cyerekezo rusange cy’umugabane cyo kubyaza umusaruro amahirwe menshi ahari kandi akagirira akamaro buri Munyafurika wese ku rwego rungana. 

Kubaka icyizere hagati ya sisitemu z’ibihugu byigenga

SADX ikoresha uburyo bwo guhuza sisitemu z’ibihugu mu buryo bw’imikoranire (federated approach). Ubu buryo butuma buri gihugu gikomeza kugenzura sisitemu zacyo, ariko kikagira n’uburyo bwizewe bwo guhanahana amakuru n’ibindi bihugu byemerewe gukorana na cyo.

Iyi gahunda ishingiye ku Itangazo rya SATA (SATA Declaration), ryashyizweho umukono n’ibihugu 19 bya Afurika bihuriza hamwe abaturage barenga miliyoni 335.

Ibyo bihugu ni Benin, Repubulika ya Santarafurika, Tchad, Ibirwa bya Komore, Repubulika ya Kongo, Côte d’Ivoire, Gabon, Gambiya, Ghana, Gineya, Madagasikari, u Rwanda, Senegal, Sudani y’Epfo, Togo, Tuniziya, Uganda, Zambiya na Zimbabwe.

SATA itanga umurongo rusange w’ubufatanye mu bijyanye n’icyizere mu ikoranabuhanga, guhuza sisitemu no gutanga serivisi zambukiranya imipaka. Ihuza ibihugu byo mu Turere dutanu twa Afurika, bigafatanya mu kubaka uburyo bwizewe bwo gukoresha serivisi z’ikoranabuhanga hagati y’ibihugu.

SADX inatanga ubunararibonye bufatika mu gushyira mu bikorwa intego z’Inyandiko Ngenderwaho y’Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe (AU) yerekeye guhuza sisitemu z’indangamuntu mu ikoranabuhanga (African Union Interoperability Framework for Digital ID). Ibi bifasha guhindura politiki n’amahame byemejwe ku rwego rw’umugabane ibikorwa bifatika bishyirwa mu bikorwa n’ibihugu.

Gutegura icyiciro gikurikira

Nyuma yo kurangiza neza Icyiciro cya Mbere, ibihugu bitatu byatangiye gutegura Icyiciro cya Kabiri. Iki cyiciro kizibanda ku gutegura igerageza rikorerwa mu buryo bugenzurwa, rigamije kugenzura umwirondoro w’abantu bambuka imipaka y’ibihugu byitabiriye gahunda.

Iri gerageza rizakorwa ari uko ibisabwa n’amategeko ya buri gihugu, isuzuma ry’umutekano w’amakuru n’imikorere, ndetse n’ibindi bisabwa kugira ngo ritangire, byujujwe.

Uburambe buzava muri iri gerageza buzafasha no gutegura uko SADX yazagurwa ikagera no mu bindi bihugu. Ibisubizo bizava muri buri cyiciro bizagezwa ku bihugu byashyize umukono ku Itangazo rya SATA, na byo bitumirwe gusuzuma uburyo byakwitabira ibyiciro bizakurikiraho, uko ibisubizo bigenda byegeranywa kandi bigasuzumwa.