U Rwanda rwatangiye gukumira ingaruka z’ikinyabutabire cya mercure 

Ikinyabutabire cya mercure ni uburozi bukaze cyane bwangiza bikomeye urwungano rw’ubwonko, urwungano ngogozi, ibihaha n’impyiko rimwe na rimwe bukanateza urupfu ku baburiye cyangwa babuhumetse, bityo Leta y’u Rwanda yatangiye gufata ingamba zo gukumira ko ibyo byago byagera ku Banyarwanda. 

Raporo y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe kurengera Ibidukikije (REMA) igaragaza ko ibilo 19,558.85 bya mercure birekurwa mu Rwanda buri mwaka, bikanduza umwuka abantu bahumeka, ubutaka ndetse n’amazi. 

Urwego rwo gutunganya ibyuma ku ikubitiro ni rwo ruza imbere mu kwanduza ikirere, ubutaka n’amazi n’icyo kinyabutabire, aho rurekura ibilo 14,659.32 bingana na 74% bya mercure yanduza ibidukikije mu Rwanda.

Urundi rwego rutuma iki kinyabutabire bisakara mu bidukikije ni urw’ibicuruzwa bikoranwa na mercure bikiri ku isoko ry’u Rwanda harimo amabuye ya radiyo, aya telecommande, ay’isaha, utwuma dupima umuriro, imbaho y’amazi y’abafundi, amatara amwe n’amwe n’ibindi bigira uruhare rwa 12.22%. 

Haza kandi gutwika imyanda kwa muganga n’ahandi bigira uruhare rwa 7.56%, kuyijugunya ahabonetse hose no gutunganya imyanda y’amazi bigira uruhare rwa 2.74% n’ibindi bikoresho mpuzamahanga bigira uruhare rwa 1.81%.

Umuhoza Patrick, umukozi wa REMA ushinzwe amasezerano mpuzamahanga ajyanye n’ibidukikije, yavuze ko u Rwanda rwafashe ingamba mu rwego rwo kwirinda ko iki kinyabutabire cyazagira ingaruka ku Banyarwanda nk’izo cyagize ku Bayapani mu myaka yo mu 1950 yatumye hasinywa Amasezerano Mpuzamahanga ya Minamata.

Muri iyo myaka abaturage bari batuye ahitwa Minamata batangiye kubona injangwe zabo zitwara mu buryo budasanzwe maze bikarangira ziroshye mu Nyanja ya Shiranui, bagakeka ko zirimo kwiyahura.

Nyuma y’igihe gito abaturage na bo batangiye gufatwa n’uburwayi budasanzwe aho bamwe batangiye kugagara amaboko, amaguru n’iminwa ikanga kunyeganyega, bamwe bakagorwa no kureba cyangwa kumva.

Hari abandi bafashwe no gususumira bidasanzwe bigatuma badashobora kugenda, na ho abandi bakangirika bikomeye mu bwonko, maze bamwe batangira kwitwara nka za njangwe zirohaga mu nyanja.

Mu 1959, abashakashatsi bo muri Kaminuza ya Kumamoto batahuye ko ubwo burwayi buterwa n’uburozi bukabije bw’ikinyabutabire cya mercure, hakekwa ko ari iyasohowe n’uruganda rutunganya ibikomoka kuri peteroli rwakoreraga i Minamata rw’ikigo Chisso Corporation.  

Iyo ndwara yiswe Minamata disease yishe abantu barenga 2,300 muri ako gace, ndetse mu 2013 Umuryango w’Abibumbye wemeje amasezerano ya Minamata agamije kurinda abaturage ibyatuma banduzwa n’ikinyabutabire cya mercure. 

Ku wa Kabiri, ubwo i Kigali hatangazwaga raporo igaragaza uko u Rwanda ruhagaze mu bijyanye n’ikinyabutabire cya mercure, Umuhoza Patrick yagize ati: “Mu rwego rwo kwirinda ko ibyo bishobora kutubaho nk’ibyabaye mu Buyapani, ari na yo mbaduko yatumye ayo masezerano mpuzamahanga abaho, ni ukureba ngo duhagaze dute? Mbese ni iki twakora kugira ngo twirinde ko na twe ibyo bibi byazatugeraho, tunashyira mu bikorwa ingingo zigize ayo masezerano ya Minamata?”

Yavuze ko inyigo yatangajwe igaragaza uko ikinyabutabire cya mercure gikoreshwa haba mu nzego zinagura cyangwa se izikora ibyuma, mu nganda zikora sima no mu gutunganya ingufu za lisansi. 

Uretse mu nzego zagiye zitangazwa, hari na mercure bigaragara ko yagiye mu mwuka, ijya mu butaka no mu mazi bitewe n’aho imyanda yakoranywe na yo yashyizwe n’aho igenda iboneka. 

Yavuze ko hatangiye gahunda yo kureba  icyakorwa n’icyo buri rwego rusabwa mu kwirinda ko icyo kinyabutabire cyakomeza kwiyongera mu butaka, mu mazi ndetse no mu mwuka, kikagera ku rwego rwo kwambura abantu ubuzima. 

Yavuze kandi ko amasezerano ya Minamata atanga imirongo migari y’uburyo ibihugu bikwiriye kwitwara mu kuzibukira ikinyabutabire cya mercure, atanga umurongo w’uburyo bwo kwirinda ko cyagera aho guhekura u Rwanda.

Ubuyobozi bw’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Iterambere ry’Inganda (UNIDO) burashimira Leta y’u Rwanda yatangiye gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano ya Minamata rurinda abaturage barwo guhura n’ingorane ziterwa n’ubwiyongere bw’ikinyabutabire cya mercure.