Brazil: Aba Wari bari bafite muco wo kurya ababo bapfuye

Mu gihe benshi muri iki gihe bumva ijambo kurya abantu (cannibalism) bagahita batekereza ku bwicanyi n’ubugome bw’indengakamere, hari umuryango wo muri Brazil w’aba Wari wigeze kubona icyo gikorwa mu buryo butandukanye cyane, aho byafatwaga nk’ikimenyetso cy’urukundo ku bawe bapfuye.

Aba Wari, abo hanze bakunze kubita Pakaa Nova. Mu myaka ya 1950 n’intangiriro ya 1960, mbere y’uko bahura cyane n’umuco w’Abanyaburayi n’ubuyobozi bwa Brazil, Wari bari bafite uburyo bwabo bwo gusezera ku bapfuye, umubiri w’uwapfuye inyama zawo barazotsaga cyangwa bakaziteka zikaribwa, hamwe n’ibice bimwe by’imbere, ndetse rimwe na rimwe amagufwa bakayasya akavangwa mu biryo.

Ariko inyuma y’uyu muco uteye ubwoba ku muntu wo muri iki gihe, hari inkuru ivuga ku rukundo, agahinda, urupfu n’uburyo umuryango washakaga gutandukana n’umuntu wakundaga.

Aba Wari ni bantu ki?

Aba Wari ni abaturage batuye mu gace ka Rondonia rwagati mu ishyamba rya Amazon, bavuga ururimi rwa Wari, ubuzima bwabo bushingiye cyane ku guhiga, uburobyi, ndetse n’ubuhinzi. Bamenyekanye cyane kubera umuco wabo n’imyumvire itandukanye ku bantu, inyamaswa, buzima, urupfu, ndetse n’isano hagati y’abazima n’abapfuye.

Umushakashatsi Beth A. Conklin, mu gitabo cye yise Beth A. Conklin, Consuming Grief: Compassionate Cannibalism in an Amazonian Society, yakoze ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku muco wa Wari, agaragaza ko mbere y’uko bahura n’ubutegetsi bwa Brazil, itandukaniro hagati ya wari bisobanura abantu bacu, na wijam bisobanuye abo hanze cyangwa abanzi, ryari inkingi ikomeye y’imibereho yabo.

Mu yandi magambo, Isi yabo yari yubakiye ku mibanire y’abantu bari muri uwo muryango ndetse n’abo babonaga nk’abari hanze yawo.

Iyo umwe mu ba Wari yapfaga, urupfu ntirwafatwaga nk’ikintu kirangiriye aho kuko umubiri w’uwapfuye wagiraga uruhare rukomeye mu muhango wo gusezera.

Conklin yanditse ko mu gihe cy’imihango yo gushyingura, bene uwapfuye bashoboraga gufata umubiri bakawugundira no kuwuryamaho, mu gihe babaga barira, baboroga ari nako bavuga amagambo yo kumusezeraho.

Hari ikintu cyatangaje cyane uyu mushakashatsi.

Nubwo aba Wari bakundaga cyane umuntu akaza gupfa, umubiri we nyuma yaho barawutwaraga bakawutwika cyangwa bakawurya.

Ku muntu wo hanze y’aba bantu ibi bishobora kuba bitakumvikana, kuko yakwibaza ati kuki wakunda umuntu cyane, hanyuma ugakora ku mubiri we ibintu nk’ibyo?”

Ku ba Wari, igisubizo cyari mu buryo babonaga urupfu.

Conklin yerekana ko abashakashatsi batandukanye bagiye batanga ibisobanuro bitandukanye ku mpamvu abantu bo mu mico imwe n’imwe baryaga ababo yewe hari nabibazaga niba abantu bararyaga inyama z’abantu kubera gushaka intungamubiri, cyane cyane poroteyini abandi bakabihuza n’amarangamutima cyangwa urugomo. Ariko ku ba Wari, ibisobanuro byari birenze ibyo kurya kuko umubiri w’umuntu wapfuye ntiwafatwaga nk’inyama zisanzwe.

Conklin asobanura ko uburyo aba Wari bafataga umubiri bwari bufite icyubahiro cyihariye. Ariko nanone, uburyo bawucagaguraga, bawotsa ndetse bakawurya bwabaga bumeze nk’uko babigenza ku nyama zinyamaswa

Aha ni ho hari ikintu gikomeye cyane cy’umuco wabo, babonaga urupfu nk’ikintu gishyiraho intera ikomeye hagati y’abazima n’abapfuye.

Conklin asobanura ko bemeraga ko umwuka w’umuntu wapfuye ufata igihe kugira ngo umenyere ubuzima bushya, umwuka w’uwapfuye wabaga ugifite agahinda ko kuba waratandukanye n’abo wakundaga ni yo mpamvu muri iyi myumvire, umubiri wagombaga kuvaho.

Kuba umubiri wakomeza kuba hafi y’abazima byashoboraga gutuma umubano hagati y’abazima n’uwapfuye udahinduka uko wari ukwiye guhinduka bityo kuwurya, kuwutwika cyangwa kuwurandura byari uburyo bwo gusoza uwo mubano w’umubiri, kugira ngo uwapfuye akomeze urugendo rwe rushya, n’abasigaye bakomeze ubuzima bwabo.

Kurya uwapfuye nk’uburyo bwo kumusezeraho

Ibi bituma dushobora kureba uyu muco mu kindi cyerekezo. Kuba Wari, kurya umubiri w’umuntu wakundwaga ntibyari ngombwa ko bisobanura kumwanga cyangwa kumugirira nabi, ahubwo byari bifitanye isano no kumusezeraho.

Amakuru yatanzwe mu bushakashatsi bwa Conklin agaragaza ko baryaga inyama zatwitswe, ibice bimwe by’imbere, ndetse rimwe na rimwe amagufwa bakayasya kandi ibi byakorwaga mu buryo bw’umuhango, ntabwo byari uburyo busanzwe bwo gushaka ifunguro rya buri munsi kandi ibyo ni ingenzi kubitandukanya n’igitekerezo cy’uko baryaga abantu kuko babaga bashonje.”

Nta gihamya muri ayo makuru igaragaza ko kurya inyama zabantu kwabo byari bishingiye cyane cyane ku gukemura ikibazo cy’inzara.

Umunsi Wari bahinduye uburyo bashyinguramo ababo

Conklin agaragaza ko kuva mu myaka ya 1960, aba Wari batangiye gushyingura abapfuye aho kubarya cyangwa kubatwika. Ibi byaje nyuma y’impinduka zikomeye zabaye hagati ya 1956 na 1969, ubwo amatsinda atandukanye ya Wari yatangiraga guhura n’abantu bo hanze no kujya mu mibanire irambye n’ubuyobozi bwa Brazil.

Mu 1956, itsinda ry’aba Wari ryo mu gace ka Dois Irmãos ryabaye mu ya mbere ryahuye n’abakozi ba Indian Protection Service ndetse n’abamisiyoneri bo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Canada bari muri New Tribes Mission, umuryango w’Abaporotesitanti wari ugamije kugeza ubukirisitu ku bantu bo mu miryango y’Abasangwabutaka.

Uko iyo mibanire yakomezaga, ubuzima bwa Wari bwagiye buhinduka, umuco warahindutse, ariko imihango imwe n’imwe irakomeza, gusa nubwo uburyo bwo gufata umurambo bwahindutse, ntabwo imihango yose yo gushyingura yahise iburizwamo.

Conklin avuga ko imihango myinshi yo gushyingura yari isanzweho mbere y’uko bahura n’abanyamahanga yakomeje kubaho, nubwo uburyo bwo gutunganya umurambo bwahindutse. Uyu munsi, aba Wari bashyingura ababo.

Ibi bitanga isomo rikomeye ku bijyanye n’umuco, ko umuco ushobora guhinduka, ariko ntibivuze ko buri kintu cyawo gihita kibura.

Mu bushakashatsi bwe, yakoresheje cyane ibiganiro yagiranye n’aba Wari, cyane cyane abantu bari bakiri abana cyangwa bakiri bato mu gihe uwo muco wari ukiriho.

Yanditse ko atigeze abona umuhango wose wo gushyingura umuntu w’aba Wari mu buryo bwa kera, kuko nta muntu wapfiriye mu mudugudu yari arimo mu gihe cy’ubushakashatsi bwe.

Bityo, igice kinini cy’inkuru ye cyaturutse ku buhamya n’ibiganiro yagiranye n’abari barabaye muri iyo migenzo.

Ibi ni ingenzi kuko bituma ubushakashatsi bwe butaba inkuru y’umuntu wo hanze gusa, ahubwo bukubiyemo uburyo aba Wari ubwabo basobanuraga ibyo bakoraga.

Ikibazo gikomeye, kuki baryaga ababo?

Igisubizo ntabwo ari ijambo rimwe. Ntabwo byari gusa kubera ko bari bashonje cyangwa kubera ko bari abagome, hubwo byari bifite aho bihuriye n’uburyo bumvaga urupfu, umubiri, umwuka, urukundo n’umubano hagati y’abazima n’abapfuye.

Umubiri w’uwapfuye wari ufite ibisobanuro bikomeye, kuwugumana byafatwaga nk’ikintu gishobora gukomeza umubabaro no kubuza abapfuye n’abazima kwakira iherezo ry’urupfu.

Bityo, icyo umuntu wo muri iki gihe ashobora kubona nk’igikorwa giteye ubwoba, bo bashoboraga kukibona nk’igikorwa cya nyuma cyo gukunda no gusezera ku muntu.

Uyu munsi, aba Wari ntibakomeza uwo muco wo kurya ababo, ariko inkuru yabo iracyafite icyo yigisha Isi, kuko yibutsa ko umuco udashobora gusobanurwa n’igikorwa kimwe gusa.

 Iyo ubonye abantu bo mu yindi mico bakora ikintu gitandukanye n’ibyo umenyereye, biroroshye kuvuga ko ari ubusazi cyangwa ubugome.

Ariko ubushakashatsi bwa Beth Conklin kuba Wari, bugaragaza ko kugira ngo usobanukirwe n’ikintu nk’iki, ugomba kubanza kwibaza uti kuri bo, icyo gikorwa cyasobanuraga iki?”

Kuko rimwe na rimwe, ikintu giteye ubwoba ku muntu wo hanze gishobora kuba gifite ubusobanuro butandukanye cyane ku bagikora.