Uko icyerekezo cya Perezida Kagame cyahinduye ikoranabuhanga inkingi y’iterambere ry’u Rwanda

Mu myaka isaga makumyabiri ishize, u Rwanda rwafashe icyemezo gikomeye cyo kutagendera ku mutungo kamere cyangwa ku buhinzi n’ubworozi, ahubwo rwahisemo kubaka ubukungu bushingiye ku bumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga. Iyo urebye aho igihugu kigeze uyu munsi mu miyoborere, ubuvuzi, uburezi n’ubucuruzi, biragoye kutabona uruhare rw’icyerekezo cyashyizwe imbere na Perezida Paul Kagame mu rugendo rwo guhindura u Rwanda igihugu cya ‘Digitale’.

Mu mwaka wa 2000, Vision 2020 yashyize ikoranabuhanga mu nkingi z’iterambere ry’igihugu. Icyo gihe hari ababonaga ari inzozi ku gihugu cyari kikiva mu bihe bikomeye nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Nyamara, ubuyobozi bw’u Rwanda bwahisemo gushora imari mu bikorwa remezo by’ikoranabuhanga, bubona ko ari yo nzira yihuse yo kugabanya icyuho cy’iterambere no guha Abanyarwanda amahirwe angana n’ay’ibindi bihugu.

Mu gushyira mu bikorwa icyo cyerekezo, Guverinoma ntiyagarukiye ku gutangaza politiki gusa, ahubwo yanatangiye kubaka inzego zifite inshingano zihariye zo kuyobora no kwihutisha impinduka z’ikoranabuhanga. Mu mwaka wa 2000 hashyizweho National Information Technology Commission (NITC), urwego rwa mbere rwari rushinzwe gutanga umurongo wa politiki y’igihugu mu ikoranabuhanga nyuma y’itangizwa rya Vision 2020. Nyuma y’umwaka umwe, mu 2001, hashinzwe Rwanda Information Technology Authority (RITA) kugira ngo ishyire mu bikorwa gahunda ya National Information and Communication Infrastructure (NICI), ihuze imishinga yose y’ikoranabuhanga mu gihugu, itegure amahame n’amabwiriza ya ICT ndetse inafashe inzego za Leta mu bikorwa bya tekiniki.

Muri uwo mwaka kandi hashinzwe Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Agency (RURA), yahawe inshingano zo kugenzura urwego rw’itumanaho n’ikoranabuhanga, harimo gutanga impushya ku bakora ibikorwa by’itumanaho, kugenzura isoko rya internet no kurengera inyungu z’abakoresha serivisi. Uru rwego rwagize uruhare rukomeye mu gutuma urwego rw’itumanaho rukura mu buryo bufite amategeko n’imiyoborere ihamye.

Kubaka izi nzego byajyanaga no gushora imari mu bikorwa remezo. Kubaka umuyoboro mugari wa fibre optic, kugeza mudasobwa ku banyeshuri binyuze muri gahunda ya One Laptop per Child, no kwimurira serivisi za Leta ku rubuga rwa Irembo ntabwo byari ibikorwa bisanzwe. Byari intambwe yo guhindura uburyo abaturage babona serivisi, kugabanya umwanya n’ikiguzi byabaga bikenewe kugira ngo umuntu abone serivisi.

Mbere y’uko habaho minisiteri yihariye ishinzwe ikoranabuhanga, uru rwego rwakurikiranwaga na Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko n’Ikoranabuhanga (MYICT), yashyiraga mu bikorwa gahunda nyinshi zafashije igihugu kwagura ikoreshwa rya internet, guteza imbere serivisi za Leta zikoresha ikoranabuhanga no kubaka ubushobozi bw’urubyiruko mu rwego rwa ICT.

Mu 2009, hashinzwe Rwanda Development Board (RDB), ihabwa inshingano zo guteza imbere ishoramari, harimo no gukurura ibigo mpuzamahanga bikora mu ikoranabuhanga. Binyuze mu ishami ryayo rya ICT, RDB yagize uruhare mu guteza imbere gahunda nyinshi za ‘digitale’ mbere y’uko ibikorwa byaryo byimurirwa mu kigo cyihariye.

Mu rwego rw’ubuzima, ikoreshwa rya drones za Zipline mu kugeza amaraso n’imiti ku bitaro byo mu cyaro ryabaye urugero rw’uko ikoranabuhanga rishobora gukiza ubuzima. Mu gihe ibihugu byinshi byari bikiri mu biganiro ku ikoreshwa rya drones, u Rwanda rwo rwahisemo kuzibyaza umusaruro mu rwego rw’ubuvuzi, bituma abarwayi benshi bahabwa ubufasha bwihuse.

Mu 2013 kandi, u Rwanda rwabaye icyicaro cya Smart Africa Secretariat, ubunyamabanga bw’Ihuriro ry’Ibihugu bya Afurika ryashinzwe hagamijwe kwihutisha impinduka za ‘digitale’ ku mugabane. Kuba iki cyicaro cyarashyizwe i Kigali byari ikimenyetso cy’uruhare u Rwanda rwari rumaze kugira mu kuyobora gahunda z’ikoranabuhanga ku rwego rwa Afurika.

Mu 2017 hashinzwe Rwanda Information Society Authority (RISA), ishinzwe gushyira mu bikorwa imishinga minini ya Leta ijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga, guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo bya ‘digitale’, guhuza ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya ‘Smart Rwanda Master Plan’ no guteza imbere serivisi za Leta zikoresha ikoranabuhanga.

Intambwe ikomeye yaje guterwa mu 2018, ubwo habagaho ivugururwa rya Guverinoma rigashyiraho Minisiteri y’Ikoranabuhanga n’Udushya (MINICT). Iyo minisiteri yahawe inshingano zo gutegura politiki n’ingamba z’igihugu mu ikoranabuhanga n’udushya, gukurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda za ‘digitale’ no guteza imbere ihangwa RY’udushya n’ubukungu bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga.

Nyuma yaho hakomeje kuvuka izindi nzego zunganira uru rugendo, zirimo Rwanda Space Agency (RSA) yashinzwe mu 2020 kugira ngo iteze imbere ikoranabuhanga ryo mu isanzure, ‘National Cyber Security Authority (NCSA)’ ishinzwe umutekano w’ikoranabuhanga n’umutekano wo kuri internet, ‘Rwanda Innovation Fund’ ifasha ibigo bitangiza udushya kubona imari, ndetse na ‘Kigali Innovation City’, umushinga ugamije kubaka ihuriro ry’amashuri makuru, ibigo by’ubushakashatsi n’amasosiyete y’ikoranabuhanga.

Kubaho kw’izi nzego zose byerekana ko impinduka za ‘digitale’ mu Rwanda zitabaye ibikorwa by’igihe gito, ahubwo zubakiwe ku nzego zihamye zagiye zishingwa uko icyerekezo cy’igihugu cyagukaga. Ni zo zatumye gahunda nka ‘fibre optic’, Irembo, ‘Smart Rwanda Master Plan’, serivisi za ‘e-Government’ n’ihangwa udushya biba ibikorwa bifatika aho kuguma mu nyandiko za politiki.

Icyakora, icy’ingenzi kurushaho si ibikorwa remezo ubwabyo, ahubwo ni filozofiya Perezida Kagame yakomeje kugarukaho ko “ikoranabuhanga atari intego ubwaryo, ahubwo ari igikoresho cyo kwihutisha iterambere, gutanga serivisi nziza no guhanga imirimo.” Iyi myumvire ni yo yatumye u Rwanda rutarebera ikoranabuhanga nk’ikimenyetso cy’iterambere gusa, ahubwo nk’igikoresho cyo gukemura ibibazo abaturage bahura na byo buri munsi.

Uyu munsi, isi iri mu gihe cy’impinduramatwara y’Ubwenge Buhangano (Artificial Intelligence). U Rwanda na rwo rwahisemo kutarebera. Perezida Kagame yakomeje gusaba ko Afurika idakwiye kuba isoko ry’abaguzi b’ikoranabuhanga gusa, ahubwo ko igomba no kurihanga, kuribyaza umusaruro no kugira uruhare mu gushyiraho amahame arigenga ku rwego mpuzamahanga.

Ni muri urwo rwego yagizwe umwe mu bayobozi bafatanyije kuyobora ‘AI for Good Global Leadership Council’,urwego rutanga icyerekezo ku miyoborere n’ikoreshwa rya AI ku Isi. Kuba asangiye ubu buyobozi n’abayobozi b’ibigo bikomeye by’ikoranabuhanga ku Isi ni ikimenyetso cy’icyizere amahanga afitiye u Rwanda mu rugendo rwo kubaka ejo hazaza h’ikoranabuhanga.

Ku rwego rwa Afurika, Perezida Kagame yabaye umwe mu bashinze Smart Africa Alliance, ihuriro ryashyize imbere kwagura internet yihuta, guteza imbere ubucuruzi bwa ‘digitale’ no guhuza amategeko agenga ikoranabuhanga hagati y’ibihugu bya Afurika. Iri huriro ryabaye imwe mu nkingi zikomeye z’impinduka za digitale ku mugabane.

Nanone kandi, yakomeje kugira uruhare mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya ‘Digital Transformation Strategy for Africa’, ashishikariza ibihugu bya Afurika gushora imari mu burezi, ibikorwa remezo by’ikoranabuhanga n’ihangwa ry’udushya. Mu nama mpuzamahanga nka ‘Transform Africa Summit’, ‘Internet Governance Forum (IGF)’ na ‘Mobile World Congress’, yakomeje gusaba ko Afurika igomba kugira ijambo mu gufata ibyemezo birebana n’ejo hazaza h’ikoranabuhanga ku Isi.

Nubwo hari byinshi byagezweho, urugendo ntirurarangira. Haracyari ikibazo cy’ubumenyi bwimbitse mu ikoranabuhanga, kongera umubare w’abahanga mu Bwenge Buhangano, guteza imbere ubushakashatsi no gukomeza kugabanya icyuho cya internet hagati y’imijyi n’icyaro. Ibi bisaba ubufatanye bwa Leta, amashuri makuru, abikorera n’abafatanyabikorwa b’iterambere.

Icyakora, iyo umuntu arebye aho u Rwanda rwavuye n’aho rugeze, biragaragara ko icyemezo cyo gushyira ikoranabuhanga ku isonga ry’iterambere kitari amahitamo y’igihe gito, ahubwo cyari icyerekezo kirambye. Uyu munsi u Rwanda rufatwa nk’urugero ku mugabane wa Afurika mu ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga mu miyoborere, ubuvuzi, uburezi, ubucuruzi na serivisi za Leta.

Amateka y’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga mu Rwanda agaragaza ko ubuyobozi bufite icyerekezo bushobora guhindura igihugu, kabone n’iyo cyaba gifite umutungo kamere muke. Uruhare rwa Perezida Paul Kagame mu gushyira u Rwanda ku ikarita y’ibihugu biyoboye impinduka za digitale muri Afurika no ku rwego mpuzamahanga ntirushingiye gusa ku magambo cyangwa ku nama yitabira, ahubwo rugaragarira mu bikorwa bifatika byahinduye imibereho y’Abanyarwanda. Niba u Rwanda rukomeje gushora imari mu bumenyi, mu ihangwa ry’udushya no mu Bwenge Buhangano, rushobora gukomeza kuba kimwe mu bihugu biyobora Afurika mu bukungu bwa ‘digitale’ bw’ejo hazaza.