Ikoranabuhanga ryazamuye umusaruro w’ubuhinzi b’ubworozi

Ubuhinzi n’ubworozi ni inkingi ya mwamba y’ubukungu bw’u Rwanda, kandi mu myaka ishize byagize impinduka ikomeye binyuze mu guhanga udushya no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga. Uru rwego rwatangiye rufatwa nk’ubuhinzi bwa gakondo, aho abahinzi bahingiraga gusa kubona ibiribwa byo kurya mu ngo, ariko uko imyaka yagiye ihita, rwahindutse urwego rukora mu buryo bwa kinyamwuga, rugamije gusagurira amasoko no gukuramo inyungu.

Guverinoma ibinyujije muri Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi (MINAGRI) yashyizeho gahunda zitandukanye zishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga, zirimo guhuza ubutaka, kuhira imyaka, kuvugurura icyororo, gukoresha inyongeramusaruro no guteza imbere ubworozi bugezweho.

Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare (NISR) cyagaragaje ko mu gihembwe cya gatatu cya 2025, Umusaruro Mbumbe w’u Rwanda wazamutseho 11,8%, ugera kuri miliyari 5 525 Frw uvuye kuri miliyari 4 659 Frw mu gihembwe nk’icyo mu 2024. Iryo zamuka ryagizwemo uruhare rukomeye n’ubuhinzi, bwatanze 15%. Mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2026, uru rwego rwongeye gutanga umusanzu ungana na 19% ku Musaruro Mbumbe w’Igihugu (GDP), bigaragaza ko ubuhinzi ari moteri y’iterambere ry’ubukungu.

Kwibuka Eugene, Umuvugizi wa MINAGRI, yagaragaje ko gahunda nk’izo zifasha guteza imbere ubuhinzi n’ubworozi, harimo guhuza ubutaka, ikoreshwa ry’inyongeramusaruro, ndetse na gahunda ya Girinka Munyarwanda, byose bikaba byaratanze umusaruro ugaragara mu mibereho y’abaturage.

Imibare ya NISR-SAS Season 2026A igaragaza ko ubuhinzi bukorerwa ku buso bwa hegitari miliyoni 1,37 bingana na 58% by’ubutaka bwose bw’Igihugu. Mu mwaka w’ihinga wa 2024, ibigori byahinzwe kuri hegitari zirenga 249 000, umusaruro wabyo ukomeza kuzamuka. Guhuza ubutaka byafashije abahinzi guhinga ibihingwa byatoranyijwe ku buso bunini, bikorohereza kugeza inyongeramusaruro n’ubujyanama ku bahinzi, bityo umusaruro ukiyongera.

Mbere ya 2006/2007, impuzandengo y’umusaruro w’ibigori kuri hegitari ntiyafatikaga. Muri 2024/2025 yabarirwaga hagati ya toni 1,9 – 4,3 kuri hegitari, ndetse hari aho umuhinzi yabonaga hejuru ya toni 6. Umuceri na wo warazamutse, aho impuzandengo y’umusaruro mu 2024/2025 yari hagati ya toni 2,5 4,2 kuri hegitari. Ibirayi byageze hagati ya toni 8,9 na 10,2 kuri hegitari. Ibi bigaragaza ko guhuza ubutaka byazamuye imyumvire y’abahinzi ku kamaro ko gukorera hamwe, gusangira ubumenyi no gukusanya umusaruro mu makoperative akomeye.

Ku byerekeranye n’ibihingwa ngengabukungu, u Rwanda rwohereza ku masoko mpuzamahanga ibihingwa ngengabukungu nk’ikawa n’icyayi, imbuto n’imboga. Mu rwego rw’icyayi, hari inganda 19 zitunganya icyayi, mu gihe ikawa ishingiye ku bigo birenga 300 byoza ikawa (Coffee Washing Stations – CWSs), bifasha kongera ubuziranenge. Mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2026, umusaruro w’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga wazamutseho 39%, ahanini bitewe n’izamuka rya 86% ry’ikawa. Mu ntego za NST2, biteganyijwe ko ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bizazamuka ku kigero cya 13% buri mwaka.

Ku bijyanye no kuhira ubutaka no guhingisha imashini zabugenewe, Kwibuka Eugene yasobanuye ko gahunda yo kuhira imyaka yatumye abahinzi bahinga ibihe byose, umusaruro ukazamuka. Mu mwaka wa 2024/2025, ubuso bwuhirwa bwageze kuri hegitari 74 375, ubuhinzi bukoresha imashini bugera kuri hegitari 100 357. Abahinzi barenga miliyoni 2,1 mu gihembwe cy’ihinga 2025 A na miliyoni 1,4 mu 2025 B bungukiye ku nyongeramusaruro binyuze muri ‘Smart Nkunganire’. Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe muri Kirehe bwerekanye ko abahinzi bakoresha kuhira ku buso buto babonye umusaruro uri hejuru ya toni 2,8  na 4,8 kuri hegitari. Muri NST2, ubuso bwuhirwa buzagera kuri hegitari zisaga 130 000.

Imibare ya MINAGRI igaragaza ko mu 2006/2007 hakoreshwaga munsi ya kilogarama 4 z’ifumbire kuri hegitari, ariko mu 2024/2025 hakoreshwaga kilogarama zisaga 73. Mu 2024, hafi 40% by’abahinzi bakoresheje imbuto z’indobanure, 64% bakoresha ifumbire mvaruganda, naho 89% bakoresha ifumbire y’imborera. Mu NST2, biteganyijwe ko ubuhinzi buzazamuka ku kigero cya 6% buri mwaka.

Ubworozi na bwo bwateye imbere binyuze mu korora kijyambere, kongera ubwiza bw’amatungo no gukurikirana ubuzima bwayo. Gahunda ya Girinka Munyarwanda yatangiye mu 2006, imaze gutanga inka zisaga ibihumbi 600. Mu 1999, u Rwanda rwari rufite inka 172 000, ariko ubu zigeze kuri miliyoni 1,7. Umusaruro w’amata warazamutse ugera kuri toni 1 152 514 mu 2024, kandi biteganyijwe ko uzagera kuri toni 1 323 561 mu 2029. Inyama na zo zavuye kuri toni 48 861 mu 2005, zigeze kuri toni 219 523 mu 2025. Ibi byose byatumye haboneka amata n’inyama ku masoko no mu ngo.

Uko umusaruro wiyongera kandi ni na ko hakenerwa ibikorwa remezo byo kuwufata neza. U Rwanda rufite ububiko 530 bufite ubushobozi bwo kwakira toni 318 025, ubwugamo 901 bwo kumisha ibigori bifite ubushobozi bwa toni 31 171, ibyumba bikonjesha 90 byo kubika imboga n’imbuto, imbuga 587 zumishirizwaho umuceri zifite ubushobozi bwa toni 14 764, ndetse n’imashini zigendanwa zumisha imyaka 56 zifite ubushobozi bwa toni 135 630. Ibi bikorwa remezo bifasha kugabanya igihombo nyuma y’isarura no kongerera agaciro umusaruro.

Raporo zitandukanye zivuga ku buhinzi n’ubworozi mu Rwanda zigaragaza ko byahindutse urwego rufatiye runini ubukungu, binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga, guhanga udushya no gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda za Leta. Uru rwego rwatangiye nk’ubuhinzi bwa gakondo, ariko ubu ruri mu nzira yo kuba ubuhinzi bugezweho, bushobora guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe, gusagurira amasoko mpuzamahanga no guteza imbere imibereho y’Abanyarwanda. Gahunda ziriho, kuva mu guhuza ubutaka, kuhira imyaka, gukoresha inyongeramusaruro, kuvugurura icyororo, kugeza ku kubaka ibikorwa remezo byo gufata neza umusaruro, zose zigaragaza ko ubuhinzi n’ubworozi ari inkingi ya mwamba mu mibereho n’ubukungu bw’u Rwanda.