U Rwanda ruzirikana ko amashyamba arinda, agatanga ubuzima

“Amashyamba aha abantu ubwugamo akaba n’ubuturo bw’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima; ni isoko y’ibiribwa by’abantu n’iby’amatungo, isoko y’amavuta atanga ingufu (fuel), atanga imiti n’amazi meza kandi agira uruhare rukomeye mu guharanira ko ikirere cy’Isi n’ibidukikije bihora bifite umutuzo.”

Ubwo ni ubutumwa bwatanzwe n’ubuyobozi bw’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Amashyamba (RFA) kuri uyu wa Mbere taliki ya 21 Werurwe 2022, ubwo u Rwanda rwifatanyije n’Isi yose mu kwizihiza Umunsi Mpuzamahanga w’Amashyamba, ku Nsanganyamatsiko igira iti: “Amashyamba, tuyabyaze umusaruro kandi tuyakoreshe mu buryo burambye.”

Akamaro k’amashyamba karenze kuba aboneka nk’inyungu z’ako kanya kuko iyo abungabunzwe mu buryo burambye agira uruhare rukomeye mu iterambere n’mibereho myiza y’abaturage binyuze mu gutanga umwuka mwiza wo guhumeka ndetse akanabika imyuka mibi duhumeka n’indi isohorwa n’imodoka cyangwa izindi mashini.

Amashyamba kandi agira uruhare mu kubungabunga ubutaka no kubwongerera ibibutunga ari na bwo butanga ibitunga abantu n’inyamaswa.

Mu gihe abaturage b’u Rwanda bakomeje kwiyongera aho bagera kuri miliyoni 13, ni na ko hakenerwa ibibatunga n’ingufu bifashisha mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi, ibyo bigashyira igitutu ku mutungo kamere cyane cyane uw’ubutaka n’amazi.

Politiki y’Igihugu yo kubungabunga amashyamba izirikana agaciro k’ingenzi k’amashyamba mu mibereo y’Abanyarwanda, bityo igashimangira gahunda yashyiriweho kuvugurura ayari ageramiwe ndetse no kurinda ibyanya bikomye.

Inzego z’ingenzi zigize politiki yo kubungabunga amashyamba zirimo gushyiraho ibigo bikomeye bishinzwe kwita ku mashyamba n’ibidukikije, kwita ku ngufu zisubira zikomoka ku mashyamba n’umutungo kamere, kubungabunga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ndetse no guhamagarira buri wese kugira uruhare mu gucunga amashyamba, ubuhinzi ndetse no gutera ibiti hanze yayo.

Guhera mu mwaka wa 2019, u Rwanda rwageze ku ntego yo kuba 30% by’ubuso bw’Igihugu bugizwe n’amashyamba habura umwaka ngo rugere kuri iyo ntego rwiyemeje muri gahunda mpuzamahanga yo kugarura amashyamba kuri hegitari miliyoni 150 zari zarasigaye zambaye ubusa bitarenze mu 2020, bikaba byitezwe ko izo hegitari zigomba kugera kuri miliyoni 350 bitarenze mu 2030.

Kuri ubu u Rwanda rwiteguye kugera ku ntego yo kuzaba amashyamba yaragaruwe kuri hegitari miliyoni 2 bitarenze mu 2030, cyane ko Abanyarwanda babonera inyungu nyinshi mu ivugururwa ryayo binyuze mu kurushaho kubona umutekano w’ibiribwa, kubona akazi n’ubukungu bibafasha kugabanya ubukene n’ibindi.

Ibyo ngo bituruka ku ruhare amashyamba agira mu kurinda ko ubutaka bwakomeza kwangirika no kwibasirwa n’isuri, no kubungabunga umutungo kamere w’amazi n’izindi ngufu zituruka ku bimera.

Nubwo hakomeje kugaragara ubwiyongere bw’abaturage bujyana n’igabanyuka ry’ubutaka bwo guhingaho, Leta y’u Rwanda ivuga ko intego zo kubungabunga amashyamba zigerwaho kuko Politiki y’Igihugu y’Amashyamba ishimangira ko gutera amashyamba no kuyabungabunga ari kimwe mu bigize umusingi w’iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’Igihugu n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage.

Iyi Politiki yatangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa guhera mu mwaka wa 2004 ikaba yaravuguruwe mu 2018, yabonye igihembo mpuzamahanga mu 2011 nka Politiki ifite ingingo zitanga isomo kandi yuje guhanga udushya.