Ingamba zo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere zisaba kwiyemeza n’ubufatanye by’Ibihugu

Ikirere kuba kitagira imipaka, bisaba ko kukibungabunga kirindwa kwangizwa n’ibyuka bigihumanya bihurirwaho n’Isi yose.

Raporo Nshya yashyizwe ahagaragara ku itariki ya 24 Ukwakira 2024 n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’abibumbye rishinzwe Ibidukikije (UNEP) ivuga ko imyuka ihumanya ikirere buri mwaka iri ku rwego rwo hejuru kandi byihutirwa ko hagomba gufatwa ingamba zo gukumira ubushyuhe no kwirinda ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe.

UNEP isaba ko ibihugu bigomba gutangira kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere nk’uko raporo ya 2024 igaragaza ko ikibazo gikomeye.

Umuyobozi Nshingwabikorwa wa UNEP, Inger Andersen yagize ati: “Ubu ni cyo gihe cyo guhangana n’ikibazo cy’ikirere.”

Yongeyeho atii: “Dukeneye ubukangurambaga ku Isi ku muvuduko udasanzwe, kuko ubushyuhe bugenda buzamuka bitigeze bigaragara mbere.”

Nk’uko raporo ibigaragaza, intego yo kugabanya ubushyuhe ku kigero cya dogere selisiyusi 1,5 (1.5 °C) izaba idashoboka mu myaka mike, keretse ibihugu byiyemeje guhuriza hamwe kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere buri mwaka ku kigero cya 42% muri 2030 na 57% muri 2035, binyuze mu kuba buri gihugu gitanga imisanzu yagenwe.

Iyo misanzu yitezweho gufasha mu bikorwa byo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere no guhangana n’ingaruka z’ikirere, amapfa, imyuzure n’ibindi bibazo bikaze by’ikirere – kubona amafaranga akenewe no kuvugurura gahunda buri myaka itanu bikitabwaho mbere ya COP 30 iteganyijwe mu 2025 muri Bresil.

Raporo igaragaza ko hatabayeho igabanyuka rikabije ry’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, Isi ishobora guhura n’ubushyuhe byanze bikunze kandi bukazamuka ku gipimo cya 3.1 ° C.

Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, António Guterres, yatangaje ko mu by’ukuri, hari isano itaziguye hagati yo kongera ibyuka bihumanya ikirere n’ibiza bikabije kandi biboneka kenshi.

Yatanze umuburo ko ku bufatanye, abatuye Isi bakwiye kuziba icyuho mu buryo butandukanye bufasha guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe.

Ati: “Abayobozi bashobora kuziba icyuho kiri hagati y’ibikenewe ndetse n’icyerekezo cyo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, cyane cyane ko ibyo byago by’ikirere byibasira abakene n’abatishoboye.

Inama ya COP29 y’Umuryango w’abibumbye ku mihindagurikire y’ibihe yabereye i Baku, muri Azerbaïdjan, mu Gushyingo 2024 igomba kuba isoko yo kuganira ku buryo burambuye kuri gahunda nshya z’igihugu zifuzwa, yavuze ko iki gikorwa.”

Raporo yerekana imbaraga zikomeye zo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere kugeza kuri gigatoni 31 z’umwuka mubi uhumanya mu 2030, na gigatoni 41 muri 2035, bifasha kugera ku ntego ya 1.5 ° C mu myaka yombi.

Ati: “Guverinoma zemeye guhuza iyi gahunda na dogere selisiyusi 1,5.”

Yakomeje asobanura ko ibyo bivuze ko bagomba kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere no kwagura ubukungu kuri bose, bigatera imbere mu nzego zose, yavuze ko abanyamuryango b’ibihugu bikize cyane ku Isi (G20) ari bo mvano hafi ya 80% by’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, abasaba gufata iya mbere muri iki gikorwa cyo kugabanya ibyuka.

Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye yashimangiye ko hari ibyiringiro.

Ati: “Raporo yerekana ko ikoranabuhanga rihendutse kandi ririho rishobora gutanga igabanyuka ry’ibyuka dukeneye mu 2030 na 2035 kugira ngo twuzuze urugero rwa 1.5 ° C, ariko hiyongereyeho kwiyemeza n’inkunga.”

Bimwe mu byafasha kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere harimo gukoresha ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba, aho raporo yerekana ko hashyizwemo imbaraga zikomeye hagabanyuka kugeza kuri gigatoni 31 z’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere mu 2030, na gigatoni 42 muri 2035, bizafasha kugera ku ntego ya 1.5 ° C mu myaka yombi.

Kongera ikoreshwa ryingufu zikomoka ku zuba n’ingufu zikomoka ku muyaga bishobora gutanga 27% mu kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere mu 2030 na 38% muri 2035. Byongeye kandi, kubungabunga amashyamba bishobora gutanga hafi 20% mu kugabanya ibyo byuka.

Raporo ivuga kandi ko izindi ngamba zifatika zirimo kuzamura ingufu, guha amashanyarazi inzego zitandukanye no kureka ibicanwa bihumanya mu nyubako, mu bwikorezi n’inganda.

Iyo raporo ivuga ko guhangana no kugabanya ibyuka bibi bihumanya ikirere bisaba ubufatanye mpuzamahanga butigeze bubaho ndetse n’uburyo bunoze bugizwemo uruhare na za Guverinoma, byibanda ku kuzamura inyungu z’imibereho myiza y’ubukungu n’ibidukikije.