Mu kwezi kwa Mata 2022 ni bwo u Rwanda rwabonye icyemezo cy’uko rutakirangwamo indwara y’umusinziro ikwirakwizwa n’isazi ya Tsetse, gitangwa n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS), nyuma y’ubushakashatsi bwahereye mu mwaka wa 2016 bwemeje ko agakoko ka “Trypanosoma” gatera iyo ndwara katakigaragara mu bantu, mu nyamaswa no mu isazi igakwirakwiza.
Ubwo bushakashatsi bwatangiye nyuma y’imbaraga zari zimaze igihe kinini zishyizwe mu bukangurambaga n’ubuvuzi bigamije guhashya iyo ndwara yibasiraga abaturage bo mu Burasirazuba bw’u Rwanda hamwe n’amatungo yabo, ndetse bamwe mu bakerarugendo bakanga gusura u Rwanda kubera isura mbi isazi ya Tsetse yari yarambitse Pariki y’Igihugu y’Akagera.
Ishimwe Fiston, umukozi wa Pariki y’Igihugu y’Akagera ushinzwe ibikorwa byo guhuza abaturage no kubungabunga ibidukikije, yavuze ko inkuru y’uko indwara y’umusinziro itakirangwa mu Rwanda yatangiye kumvikana mu mwaka wa 2016, bituma ba mukerarugendo n’Abanyarwanda n’abanyamahaga barushaho kwiyongera kuko iyo ndwara yari imwe mu nzitizi zatumaga badasura Pariki batinya kwandura.
Ati: “Umunyarwanda wamubwiraga Akagera akumva ko ari isazi ya Tsetse ariko nyuma y’aho mu 2016 bigaragaye ko indwara y’umusinziro itagihari Abanyarwanda barabyitabiriye cyane bava kuri 20% by’abasura Pariki barenga 51%, n’umubare wa ba mukerarugendo baturuka hanze uriyongera.”
Yavuze ko mu gihe abasuraga Pariki y’Igihugu mu 2016 babarirwaga mu 20,000 imyaka yakurikiyeho byarahindutse kuko mu 2019 bikubye inshuro ebyiri bagera ku 49,000 aho n’amadovize basigira Igihugu yikubye inshuro nyinshi maze na kimwe mu icumi kigenerwa abaturage kiriyongera.
Ishimwe yakomeje agira ati: “Mu 2016 wasangaga nk’iryo 10% ari miliyoni 180 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ku rwego rwa Pariki y’Igihugu y’Akagera, ariko byageze kuri miliyoni zirenga 500 mu 2019; mu mwaka ushize twageze kuri miliyoni 516. Rero kuba iyo sazi yari ihari kimwe n’ibindi byabangamiraga ubukerarugendo bisobanuye ko byatezaga igihombo kinini kuko byatezaga ikibazo mu baturage n’Igihugu muri rusange.”
Yavuze ko nubwo isazi ya Tsetse ikigaragara muri Pariki y’Igihugu y’Akagera, inzego z’ubuzima zemeje ko itagifite agakoko ka Trypanosoma yashoboraga gukwirakwiza, ndetse hari n’ingamba zo gukumira ko yaruma ba mukerarugendo n’inyamaswa cyane ko igira urubori rukomeye kandi rubabaza.
Ati: “Icyo dukora dufite udutambaro dushyira muri Pariki dufite amabara atandukanye, tugashyiraho imiti n’amaganga ku buryo ayo masazi aza akurikiye utwo dutambaro yagwaho agafataho. Ibyo bigabanya umubare w’amasazi muri Pariki kandi utwo dutambaro tudushyira ahantu hagenda abantu ku buryo aba ari make cyane mu nzira y’abantu.”
Mbere yo kwinjira muri Pariki kandi, ba mukerarugendo bamenyeshwa ko ayo masazi ahari kandi arumana, ndetse hari n’imiti ivugutwa mu byatsi yirukana ayo masazi iyo umuntu ayisize ku mubiri.
Abo Tsetse yamariye inka bongeye kuba abatunzi
Abaturiye Pariki y’Igihugu y’Akagera baravuga imyato Leta y’u Rwanda yashyize imbaraga mu guhashya indwara y’umusinziro yari yarabazahaje batagikora, ndetse n’abari aborozi bagasigariraho bakaba barongeye korora inka zitacyicwa no kurumwa n’isazi ya Tsetse.
Mugenzi Ange utuye mu Mudugudu wa Mucucu, Akagari ka Buhabwa, Umurenge wa Murundi mu Karere ka Kayonza, yibuka uburyo yapfushije inka nyinshi kubera iyo ndwara ndetse akaba azi na bagenzi be bazimije amashyo kubera isazi ya Tsetse.
Yagaragaje kandi uburyo iyo ndwara yacaga abantu intege ntibabashe gukora ngo batere imbere, cyane ko uwabaga yarumwe na Tsese yameraga nk’urwaye malariya agacika ntege, akagira umuriro, akababara mu ngingo, akagera aho aremba iyo ndwara igeze ku bwonko ari na ho yafatwaga n’ibitotsi bya hato na hato.
Yakomeje agira ati: “Icyo gihe kwari ukwishakamo ibisubizo, twashakaga imiti y’ibyatsi twogeshaga inka igenda isunika isazi ya Tsetse maze iba nke, ariko abaganga baje kuza nyuma batangira kujya banigisha abantu bati nyabuna muramenye Tsetse ifata n’abantu… Ahanini twari tuzi ko tsetse yica inka ntabwo twari tuzi ko abantu na bo ibagiraho ingaruka bakaba bahatakariza ubuzima ariko uko abaganga bagendaga batubwira ni ho twatinyukiraga na twe tukamenya ko iyo Tsetse ari mbi.”
Ngendahayo Jean Damascène utuye mu Mudugudu wa Buhabwa muri uwo Murenge wa Murundi, avuga ko mu myaka icyenda amaze muri ako gace atarumva umuntu warwaye indwara y’umusinziro, iyo akaba ari intambwe nziza yishimira.
Nyirabashumba Joyeuse, umuganga ukorera muri Laboratwari y’Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Buhabwa, avuga ko nubwo iyo ndwara itakigaragara bakomeza kuyikurikirana kugira ngo barebe ko hari umuturage waba yarayanduye cyangwa yarayikuye hanze y’u Rwanda.
Nshimiyimana Ladislas, Umukozi w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ubuzima (RBC) ushinzwe ubushakashatsi ku ndwara zititaweho uko bikwiye (NTDs), yavuze ko indwara y’umusinziro ari imwe mu ndwara 20 zititaweho zugarije ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere, ikaba iri mu icyenda ziganje u Rwanda rwihaye intego yo kuba rwaranduye bitarenze mu 2030.
Yagaragaje ko indwara y’umusinziro yagaragaraga cyane mu gice kinini cyegereye Pariki y’Igihugu y’Akagera kikibonekamo isazi ya Tsetse n’ubu, no mu gice cya Bugesera aho iyo sazi yacitse burundu.
Yasobanuye ko iyi ndwara yarwanyijwe ku bufatanye na Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi n’abashakashatsi, kubera ko ifata abantu n’amatungo. Ati: “Ikindi ni uko abantu bakurikiranwaga neza bakavurwa kuko isazi yandura irumye umuntu ufite buriya burwayi ikabutwara noneho ikaba yagenda ikaruma undi utari ubufite, noneho ikaba yakwanduza amatungo n’izindi nyamaswa.”
Bivugwa ko iyo ndwara yiswe iy’umusinziro kubera ko kimwe mu bimenyetso byayo ari uko uyirwaye afatwa n’ibitotsi bya hato na hato. Ariko izina rya gihanga yitwa “African Trypanosomiasis”, ikaba ikiboneka mu bihugu 24 byiganjemo iby’Afurika nk’uko byemezwa na OMS.
