Uko Polisi y’u Rwanda yazamuye urwego rw’amahugurwa mu kubaka ubushobozi mu myaka 25

Mu gihe Polisi y’u Rwanda yizihiza imyaka 25 imaze ishinzwe kuva mu 2000, nk’urwego rushinzwe umutekano w’abantu n’ibyabo, yagiye yiyubaka mu ngeri zose, ishyiraho amashami atandukanye kugira ngo ibashe kuzuza inshingano, ari nako hategurwa amahugurwa n’imyitozo bihabwa abapolisi hagamijwe kongera ubumenyi, ubushobozi n’ubunyamwuga mu kurushaho kunoza imitangire ya serivisi. 

Muri icyo gihe, Polisi y’u Rwanda yari ifite ishuri rimwe gusa ryatangirwagamo amahugurwa rya Gishari (PTS), ryatangaga amahugurwa y’ibanze yinjiza abapolisi mu kazi, ariko uko iminsi yagiye ishira, yakomeje kwagura ibigo by’amahugurwa, ari nako yongera ireme ryayo, yagura n’umubano hagati y’izindi Polisi z’amahanga hagamijwe gutegura abapolisi no kubongerera ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibibazo by’umutekano bijyanye n’aho isi igeze mu iterambere.

Uru rugendo rujyanye no kwiyubaka mu bijyanye n’amahugurwa ni ikimenyetso cy’imbaraga zashyizwemo bijyanye n’icyerekezo Polisi y’u Rwanda yari ifite kuva yashingwa nk’uko Assistant Commissioner of Police (ACP) Barthelemy Rugwizangoga, uyobora ishami rishinzwe amahugurwa abivuga.

Yagize ati: “Mbere Polisi y’u Rwanda yari ifite Ishuri rimwe ryatangirwagamo amahugurwa y’ibanze ahabwa abitegura kwinjira mu kazi.  Uko imyaka yagiye ishira yakomeje kwiyubaka, imyitozo n’ amasomo byatangwaga bigenda byiyongera bijyanye n’inshingano ndetse n’iterambere ry’aho isi igeze.”

Akomeza agira ati: “Kuri ubu hari amahugurwa menshi yagiye yiyongeramo nk’amahugurwa y’abitegura kuba ba ofisiye bato, amahugurwa y’abapolisi bitegura kujya mu butumwa bw’amahoro, amahugurwa y’umutwe udasanzwe wa Polisi  n’igikomando, amahugurwa ajyanye n’umutekano wo mu mazi n’uwo mu kirere, ajyanye no kurwanya iterabwoba, ayo gutabara abari mu kaga no kuzimya inkongi,  amahugurwa ajyanye no gutwara ibinyabiziga bya Polisi,  amahugurwa ajyanye no guteza imbere umwuga wa gipolisi, ajyanye n’uburyo bugezweho bwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga n’andi menshi atandukanye akomeza kugenda yiyongeraho.”

Amavugurura mu myigishirize n’ubushobozi

ACP Rugwizangoga avuga ko Polisi y’u Rwanda ishingwa mu mwaka wa 2000, amahugurwa yibandaga ku gukumira ibyaha no gukora iperereza ku byaha, ariko ubu, gahunda y’ingengabihe y’amasomo atangwa yarihuse kurushaho bigendanye n’igihe ndetse n’inshingano uko zagiye ziyongera. 

Yagize ati: “Ubu tureba amasomo ajyanye n’ibyaha by’ikoranabuhanga, imikoranire hagati ya Polisi n’abaturage, ubucukumbuzi bw’ikoranabuhanga mu gukoresha ibimenyetso bya gihanga no kugenzura iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko mpuzamahanga.”

Ese Polisi itangira yari ifite ibigo bingahe bitangirwamo amahugurwa, ubu byabaye bingahe?

Bivuye ku kigo kimwe cyatangirwagamo amahugurwa cya Gishari (Police Training School –PTS) giherereye mu karere ka Rwamagana, cyahoze gitanga amahugurwa y’abapolisi ba Komini (Police Communale), uyu munsi, hari ibigo bitatu bitangirwamo amahugurwa kandi bikomeye.

Ishuri ry’amahugurwa rya Gishari ryakira ibyiciro bine by’amahugurwa aribyo; amahugurwa ajyanye n’abitegura kuba abapolisi bato, amahugurwa y’abitegura kuba ba ofisiye bato, amahugurwa y’abitegura kujya mu butumwa bw’amahoro n’amahugurwa yihariye ajyanye n’imirimo bakora ahabwa abapolisi cyangwa abo mu zindi nzego ashobora kuhabera mu gihe byasabwe.

Mu yandi mashuri yaje yiyongeraho, hari Ishuri rikuru rya Polisi (National Police College -NPC) riherereye mu karere ka Musanze, n’Ikigo cya Polisi gitangirwamo amahugurwa yo kurwanya iterabwoba (Counter Terrorism Training Center- CTTC Mayange) giherereye mu karere ka Bugesera.

Ishuri rikuru rya Polisi (NPC) ritanga amasomo ya kinyamwuga, ayihariye n’ahabwa abanyeshuri biga ku rwego rwa kaminuza bitegura kuzaba abapolisi mu mashami arimo; amategeko, ikoranabuhanga, indimi n’amasomo y’igipolisi cy’umwuga.

Hatangirwa kandi amasomo ajyanye n’ubuyobozi, agenerwa abapolisi bo ku rwego rwa ba Ofisiye bakuru n’abato, icyiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza (Masters) mu bijyanye n’amahoro no gukemura amakimbirane n’andi atandukanye.

Iki kigo kandi gifite ibyumba by’amashuri bigezweho bitangirwamo amasomo mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga bizwi nka smart class, biherutse gutahwa ku mugaragaro, bifite ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bigezweho, bizajya byigirwamo n’abanyeshuri b’ibyiciro byose birimo ba ofisiye bakuru n’abato, abiga muri kaminuza n’abandi bazajya bajyayo kuhakorera amahugurwa atandukanye. 

Muri ibyo byumba bigezweho hari aho kwigira hakoreshejwe uburyo bw’Iyakure, ahazajya hakorerwa ubushakashatsi, ahasomerwa amakarita, ahigirwa mudasobwa n’ibindi, bikazafasha mu kugabanya impapuro n’ibindi bikoresho byifashishwaga mu rwego rwo kubungabunga ibidukikije no kurushaho kwimakaza ikoranabuhanga muri gahunda z’amasomo ahatangirwa.

Ni mu gihe Ishuri ry’i Mayange, ritanga amahugurwa yihariye yo gukumira no gutabara byihuse ku kintu icyo aricyo cyose cyerekeranye n’iterabwoba.

ACP Rugwizangoga avuga ko Polisi igishingwa, mu ishuri ry’amahugurwa rya Gishari, ibyumba by’amashuri byari bike ku buryo amasomo menshi yatangirwaga munsi y’ibiti no mu mashuri abiri afite inkuta zubakishije amabati, yicarwagamo n’abanyeshuri nka maganatatu (300) buri rimwe, ariko kuri ubu yasimbujwe amashuri yubatse mu buryo bugezweho. 

Aragira ati: “Ubu dufite amashuri agezweho kandi kuri buri cyiciro cy’amahugurwa hari amashuri yacyo agezweho arimo n’imfashanyigisho zigendanye n’igihe nka mudasobwa, ibibaho bigezweho n’ibindi bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga.” 

Ibibuga by’imyitozo

Amasomo asaba kujya ku bibuga yigishirizwaga mu muhanda, nta bibuga by’imikino n’imyitozo byari byakaboneka, ntaho kurasira (range ground) habagaho; iyo bageraga igihe cyo kurasa no gukora imyitozo y’urugamba (Field Training Exercise), bajyaga i Gabiro bigakorerwa rimwe.

Ubu ishuri rya Gishari rifite ibibuga 3 by’imyitozo kandi binini ndetse birimo na kaburimbo, hari ibibuga byo gukiniraho imikino itatu; umupira w’amaguru, ibibuga bibiri by’umukino w’intoki (volleyball na basketball), aho kurasira hagera kuri hatatu ndetse n’icyumba kirimo ibikoresho ngororamubiri gikoreshwa n’abarimu.

Imibereho y’abarimu n’abanyeshuri

Abarimu n’abanyeshuri bararaga mu mazu afite inkuta zubakishije amabati kandi hacucitse, hatarimo na sima. Kugeza ubu abarimu bafite amacumbi meza agezweho mu nyubako igeretse (Etage), irimo ibiryamirwa n’ibikoresho by’isuku bihagije kandi bahabwa na Polisi. 

Abanyeshuri na bo bafite amacumbi agezweho kandi afite ibikoresho bihagije, ubwiherero, ubwogero n’amazi kandi na bo bagahabwa ibiryamirwa, ibyo kwiyorosa n’iby’isuku haba ku bahungu n’abakobwa.

Abanyeshuri bariraga mu mazu yubakishije ibibati nabyo bitari bihagije byasabaga ko barya mu byiciro bamwe bakarya bicaye ku biti kuko nta ntebe zarimo, abandi bakarya bahagaze, ndetse hakaba n’abarira hanze, habaga hari isuku nke, kuko bariraga mu ivumbi, mbere yo kurya bakabanza gutera amazi hasi kugira ngo ivumbi rigabanuke babone kurya.

Ubu buri cyiciro cy’amahugurwa gifite aho kurira heza hagezweho harimo amakaro, isuku ihagije, amatara n’amazi, ameza n’intebe zo kwicaraho. 

Abarimu babanje kujya bitekera, umwe ku giti cye cyangwa bakishyira hamwe nk’itsinda ry’abantu bane. Igihe cyaje kugera hubakwa aho kurira (Mess) naho hatoya cyane kandi hadafite intebe n’ameza bihagije bigasaba ko abantu barya mu byiciro.

Bariraga ku masahane ya pulasitike, barurira mu ndobo, batekesha n’inkwi ariko nyuma baje kubakirwa igikoni cyiza n’aho kurira hagezweho, hashyirwamo ibikoresho bihagije birimo; amasahane meza n’amadishe yo kwaruriramo agezweho (chiefdishes), kandi batekesha gazi ku bikoni byose haba ku barimu n’abanyeshuri. 

Kongera ubushobozi bw’abarimu 

Abarimu icyo gihe bari bafite ubushobozi bwo guhugura abapolisi bashya ariko hari amwe mu masomo hifashishwaga abarimu bo mu ngabo z’u Rwanda (RDF) n’abanyamahanga mu gufasha gutegura amasomo amwe n’amwe.

Kuzamura urwego rw’ikoranabuhanga mu itangwa ry’amahugurwa 

ACP Rugwizangoga avuga ko ibigo bitangirwamo amahugurwa bitiyongereye mu mubare gusa ahubwo byongereye n’ibikorwaremezo ndetse n’ubushobozi.

Yagize ati: “Muri iki gihe ibi bigo by’amahugurwa, byarahindutse ku buryo bugaragara cyane cyane mu bijyanye n’ibikorwaremezo byubatswe mu buryo bugezweho: urugero, mu myaka yatambutse ishuri rikuru rya Polisi ry’i Musanze ryakiraga abantu 200 bose hamwe abarimu n’abanyeshuri, kandi ryari rifite ishami rimwe ry’abanyeshuri biga Kaminuza kubera ko aribwo bushobozi bwari buhari.”

Akomeza agira ati: “Ubu, iri shuri rifite amashami ane atandukanye kandi rifite ubushobozi bwo kwakira abantu nibura 900 (abarimu, abakozi n’abanyeshuri) bitewe n’ubwiyongere bw’ibyumba by’amashuri n’amacumbi yubatswe.” 

Muri rusange mu myaka 25 ishize Polisi y’u Rwanda ishinzwe, imaze kwiyubaka mu ikoranabuhanga no mu itangwa ry’amahugurwa mu buryo bugaragara. 

Kera amasomo yigishirizwaga ku mpapuro, nta mudasobwa zakoreshwaga mu mamashuri, amashanyarazi yabaga ku biro n’aho kuryama gusa, nta interineti cyangwa ibyumba byabagamo za mudasobwa, amashuri yubatse mu buryo bugezweho n’ibindi bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga. 

Kuri ubu amasomo menshi atangwa mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga hifashishijwe interineti ku buryo ushobora no kuyakurikira udahari wifashishije mudasobwa cyangwa telefoni, ibyo byumba birimo mudasobwa birahari, abanyeshuri bigira kuri mudasobwa, abarimu bafite mudasobwa zihagije bifashisha mu gutegura amasomo ndetse no kuyatanga mu ishuri kandi bigezweho.

By’umwihariko kandi mu ishuri rikuru rya Polisi (NPC) harimo ishami ryihariye ryigisha ikoranabuhanga muri gahunda y’imyaka ine (4) ubu rimaze kugira abasaga 200 bari mu kazi ka Polisi hirya no hino mu gihugu.

Ibyumba by’amashuri bitangirwamo amasomo mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, smart classes byubatswe mu bigo by’amashuri ya Polisi, bizafasha mu guhugura abanyeshuri uburyo bugezweho bwo gushushanya, gusoma ikarita no gutegura ibikorwa bya Polisi kuri buri cyiciro cy’amahugurwa.

Ibikoresho bigenerwa abitabiriye amahugurwa 

Ibikoresho byahabwaga abanyeshuri baje mu mahugurwa, ni imyenda ishaje yabaga yarakoreshejwe na Polisi Kominali, ubu basigaye bahabwa impuzankano nshyashya iyo baje mu mahugurwa, impuzankano yambarwa biga guhosha imyigaragambyo nta yari ihari, bambaraga ingofero (helmet) n’indembo gusa, ariko ubu izo mpuzankano (Gears) zose zirahari barazifite. 

Abitabiraga bahabwaga amakayi n’amakaramu adahagije, kandi bizaniraga ibikoresho byasabwaga birimo ibiryamirwa nk’amashuka, igitambaro cy’amazi (essuie-mains), indobo n’amabasi, bakizanira n’imyenda n’inkweto bya siporo. 

Kuri ubu abitabira amahugurwa bahabwa ibiryamirwa byose, igitambaro cy’amazi, ibikoresho byose by’isuku, bagahabwa n’imyenda n’inkweto bya siporo bishya.

Ikigereranyo ku bwitabire bw’igitsinagore mu mahugurwa abinjiza mu mwuga w’igipolisi 

Mu bijyanye no kwinjira mu mwuga w’igipolisi ku gitsina gore, mu myaka ya mbere abagore bayitabiraga bari bake cyane. Ariko uko igihe cyagendaga gihita, icyo cyuho cyagiye kigabanuka.

ACP Rugwizangoga yavuze ko uyu munsi umubare w’abahungu n’abakobwa bitabira ibizami bibemerera kwitabira amahugurwa ya gipolisi wenda kungana. Ababitsinze bose baba abakobwa cyangwa abahungu bahabwa amahirwe angana yo kwitabira amahugurwa ya gipolisi nta kindi kintu kitaweho cyane ko byagaragaye ko abakobwa nabo bashoboye nka basaza babo. 

Yagize ati: “Nk’uko bigaragara iterambere ryariyongereye, haba aho gukorera, imikorere n’indangagaciro z’imyitwarire myiza ya kinyamwuga. Iryo terambere ryose rishingira ku mpinduka zijyanye n’amahugurwa, ibikorwaremezo byaravuguruwe, ikoranabuhanga ryateye imbere n’ubufatanye mpuzamahanga.”

Ubufatanye bwa Polisi imbere mu gihugu no hanze yacyo 

U Rwanda ni igihugu cyakira kandi kikanatanga ubumenyi mu byiciro bitandukanye. Iterambere rya Polisi y’u Rwanda ntirigarukira imbere mu gihugu gusa, hubatswe ubufatanye bukomeye hagati yayo n’izindi nzego haba mu gihugu no hanze yacyo. 

Komiseri ushinzwe amahugurwa yagize ati: “Dufite abapolisi bitabira amahugurwa mu bihugu bitandukanye nka Singapore, Turukiya, Misiri n’ahandi, kandi twakira ba ofisiye bakuru baza kwiga hano iwacu baturutse mu bihugu nka Kenya, Somaliya, Repubulika ya Santrafurika, Malawi, Lesotho, Sudani y’Epfo, Namibiya n’ibindi bihugu by’Afurika baje mu mahugurwa yo ku rwego rwo hejuru ahabwa ba ofisiye bakuru ndetse n’amasomo ajyanye no kubungabunga amahoro no gukemura amakimbirane.”

Intego n’icyerekezo Polisi y’u Rwanda ifite mu guteza imbere amahugurwa 

ACP Rugwizangoga avuga ko Polisi y’u Rwanda ifite intego n’icyerekezo byo gukomeza guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga n’amakuru ajyanye n’umutekano nk’amwe mu masomo atangirwa mu ishuri rikuru rya Polisi (NPC) ndetse n’amasomo ajyanye n’amategeko, kugenza ibyaha, indimi no kwigisha amasomo y’igipolisi cy’umwuga. 

Izakomeza kandi kubaka ibikorwaremezo bigezweho, kubaka ubushobozi n’imibereho myiza y’abarimu, gukomeza guhugura no gutanga abarimu bahagije kandi bafite ubushobozi bwo kwigisha abandi, gushyira mudasobwa mu byumba by’ikoranabuhanga kuri buri cyiciro cy’amahugurwa, guhuza imyigishirize n’imbogamizi zigaragara mu kazi ka buri munsi Polisi ikora, guteza imbere ubushakashatsi no guhanga udushya no guteza imbere politiki inoze ndetse no guhuza ikoranabuhanga rigezweho n’amahugurwa atangwa.

Yagize ati: “Intumbero yacu ni uko twiyemeje gukomeza gukataza imbere tuzana ibishya. Amahugurwa si ikintu gihora hamwe, ahubwo umunsi ku wundi agenda ahinduka hazamo ibishya bijyanye nimiterere y’ibyaha bihungabanya umutekano n’ibikenewe muri sosiyete. Uruharere rwacu rero ni ugukomeza kongerera ibikoresho buri mupolisi wese agahabwa ubumenyi bityo tukarushaho gukora kinyamwuga.”  

Nk’uko Polisi y’u Rwanda yizihiza imyaka 25 imaze ishinzwe, intambwe imaze guterwa mu bijyanye n’amahugurwa ntabwo igaragarira mu iterambere ry’uru rwego gusa, ahubwo bigaragaza n’ubushake bw’u Rwanda mu kubaka Polisi ifite ubushobozi, irimo ingeri zose kandi ikataje mu kubaka ikoranabuhanga ry’ejo hazaza kugira ngo ibashe kuzuza neza inshingano zo gucunga umutekano kinyamwuga.

Amafoto: RNP