U Rwanda ruracyafite impamvu nyinshi zo kurwanya malariya

Mu myaka irenga 20 ishize, u Rwanda rwageze ku ntambwe ishimishije cyane mu kurwanya indwara ya malariya, aho bigaragarira ahanini mu igabanyuka rifatika abandura ndetse n’abicwa n’iyi ndwara ikibereye inzitizi ikomeye y’iterambere ibihugu byinshi byo muri Afurika yo munsi y’Ubutayu bwa Sahara.

Imibare itangazwa Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS), yerekana ko abarwayi ba malariya ku Isi bavuye kuri miliyoni 232 mu 2019 bakagera kuri miliyoni 247 mu mwaka wa 2021, ndetse n’imfu zikagera ku 619 000 zivuye ku 400,000.

Nubwo iyo mibare yiyongereye ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu Rwanda ho yagiye igabanyuka, aho ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko mu myaka irenga itandatu ishize ingamba zo kurwanya no kwirinda Malariya zashyizweho na Leta n’abafatanyabikorwa bayo zatumye igabanyuka ku kigero kiri hafi 90%.

Minisiteri y’Ubuzima igaragaza ko abarwayi ba malariya bavuye kuri 4,800,000 mu mwaka wa 2016 bakagera ku 998,000 mu 2022.

By’umwihariko ugereranyije na mbere ya COVID-19, Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubuzima (RBC) cyagaragaje ko imibare y’abarwayi ba Malariya mu bitaro bagabanyutse bava kuri 4.32 /1000 bagera kuri 2.38 /1000. Abandura malariya y’igikatu na bo baragabanyutse ku uburyo bufatika.

Mazimpaka Phocas ukora muri Porogaramu y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Malariya n’izindi ndwara zititaweho uko bikwiye (NTDs) zanduzwa cyangwa zigakwirakwizwa n’utunyabuzima dutandukanye ikorera muri RBC, yabwiye Imvaho Nshya ko nubwo u Rwanda rumaze gutera intambwe ifatika mu kurwanya malariya rugifite impamvu zifatika yo kurwanya iki cyorezo.

Yagize ati: “Mu Rwanda ni ingenzi cyane kurwanya malariya kubera ko Malariya ni indwara mbi cyane, ni indwara iteje ikibazo ku Isi cyane cyane muri Afurika yo munsi y’Ubutayu bwa Sahara. Miliyoni z’abantu ku Isi zandura malariya abandi ibihumbi amagana bagapfa. Natwe turacyari  mu mubare w’abagerwaho n’ingaruka z’iyi ndwara.”

Mu gihe taliki ya 30 Mutarama 2023, u Rwanda rwitegura kwifatanya n’Isi yose kwizihiza Umunsi Mpuzamahanga wahariwe kurwanya Indwara zititaweho uko bikwiye zirimo malariya n’izindi zibasira ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere, abakozi ba RBC bagaragaye mu gishanga cya Kamiranzovu mu Karere ka Nyamasheke, bari mu bushakashatsi bugamije kureba aho umuntu ashobora guhurira n’ubwandu bwa malariya n’izindi ndwara zandurira mu mazi.

Mazimpaka yavuze ko umubu w’ingore (anopheles femelle) ukwirakwiza indwara ya malariya wororokera mu mazi, ari na yo mpamvu ari ingenzi cyane kwirinda ko amazi yagira aho areka mu ngo z’abaturage ndetse ari na ko ibikorwa byo kubungabuga iterambere bigerwaho.

Yabwiye itangazamakuru ko iyo uyu mubu w’ingore urumye umuntu urwaye malariya, umunyunyuza amaraso wifashisha mu kurera amagi akurira mu nda yawo hanyuma agaterwa mu bishanga, mu mazi menshi, mu binogo n’ahandi hantu hose haboneka amazi ari ahafunguye.

Mu gihe wa mubu ushaka amaraso yo kurera amagi yawo ukaruma umuntu wanduye udukoko dutera malariya (plasmodium), uratugendana. Nyuma y’iminsi 10 na 14, twa dukoko tuba twamaze gukurira mu mubu udukwirakwiza mu bandi bantu bazima.

Ubuyobozi bwa RBC buvuga ko twa dukoko twinjiye mu muntu muzima duhita twerekeza mu mwijima ari na ho twororokera, twasubira mu maraso tukinjira mu nsoro zitukura (globule rouge) zigasandara ari na bwo umuntu atangira kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’uko yarwaye malariya.