Gasutamo zifasha u Rwanda gukumira iyangirika ry’akayunguruzo k’imirasire y’izuba 

Ubucuruzi butemewe ni kimwe mu bituma imyuka yangiza akayunguruzo k’imirasire y’izuba kazwi nka Ozone (O₃) ikomeza gukwirakwizwa binyuze mu bicuruzwa birimo ibyuma bikonjesha bifite imyuka yitwa Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) n’iyitwa Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).

U Rwanda, rushimirwa imbaraga nyinshi rushyira mu guhangana n’imyuka yangiza akayunguruzo k’imirasire y’izuba, aho rwifashisha za gasutamo mu gukumira ko ibyo bikoresho bifite imyuka yangiza Ozone byakomeza kwinjizwa mu Gihugu.

Ozone ubusanzwe na yo ni imyuka iyungurura imirasire y’izuba kugira ngo itangiza ibiri ku Isi harimo n’ibiremwamuntu. 

Uruhare rwa za gasutamo rwagarutsweho mu nama yo kunoza imikorere y’ibihugu by’Afurika mu gukumira ko iyo myuka ihumanya itava mu bindi bihugu ikinjira ku mugabane.

Uwera Martine, Umukozi w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe kubungabunga Ibidukikije (REMA) uhagarariye Amasezerano ya Montreal mu Rwanda, yavuze ko iyi nama iteraniye i Kigali guhera kuri uyu wa Mbere taliki ya 8 Gicurasi yateguwe ku bufatanye bw’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryo kurengera ibidukikije (UNEP) na Guverinoma y’u Rwanda, kugira ngo bahurize ibihugu by’Afurika muri urwo rugamba.

Abatumiwe muri iyo nama ni abakozi bashinzwe amasezerano ya Montreal mu bihugu 28 bikoresha icyongereza ku mugabane w’Afurika, hakaziyongeraho n’abakozi bakora muri za Gasutamo mu minsi ibiri ya nyuma isoza icyumweru.

Amasezerano ya Montreal yemejwe mu mwaka wa 1987 agamije gukumira imyuka yangiza akayungirizo k’imirasire y’izuba. U Rwanda rwasinye ayo masezerano mu mwaka wa 2003 ariko haza kubaho amavugurura atandukanye harimo n’aya Kigali (Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol).

Uwera yavuze ko nyuma yo gusinya amasezerano hari byinshi byakozwe, ati: “Birimo gukumira iyo myuka binyuze muri za gasutamo ku buryo bitinjira mu Gihugu cyacu, ariko n’ibihari tukabasha kubikurikirana tukamenya aho biri. Iyo myuka ni za gazi zikoreshwa mu byuma bikonjesha kandi nk’uko mubizi byanze bikunze ibyuma bikonjesha bigenda byiyongera ku isoko ryacu.”

Yemeza ko kuri ubu ibikoresho bikonjesha byemererwa kwinjira mu gihugu binyuze kuri gasutamo ari ibifite imyuka yemewe idahumanya, ari na ko hahangwa udushya dutuma abaturage bayirwanya ariko baniteza imbere.  

Kimwe mu bifasha abaturage kubona inyungu muri uru rugamba ni uko ibyo byuma byemewe bigomba kuba bikoresha umuriro w’amashanyarazi mukeya cyane ku buryo batagorwa na fagitire nk’uko byagendaga ku byuma bya mbere. 

Patrick Salifu, Umuyobozi w’Ihuriro ry’Ibihugu by’Afurika bikoresha Icyongereza riharanira ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano ya Montreal, yavuze ko ari amwe mu masezerano mpuzamahanga yatanze umusaruro kurusha ayandi ku Isi.

Ati: “Byanatangajwe ko dukomeje gukora ibyo dukora, akayunguruzo ka Ozone kazaba kamaze gusubirana bitarenze mu 2060. Ibyo bifite ikigombero, reka dukomeze imirimo myiza turimo gukora kugira ngo tugere kuri uwo musaruro.”

Ingingo ya 5 y’amasezerano ya Montreal iteganya ko ibihugu byayemeje bigomba kugabanya imyuka ya HCFCs nibura ku kigero cya 67.5% bitarene muri Mutarama 2025 na HFC mu 2024.

Inama ihuza abakozi bashinzwe amasezerano ya Montreal izageza ku wa Gatatu taliki ya 10 Gicurasi, maze haziyongereho abakozi ba Gasutamo bashinzwe kugenzura ibyinjira ku mipaka y’ibihugu byabo guhera ku ya 11 kugeza ku ya 12 Gicurasi.