U Rwanda rurizihiza  Umunsi w’Umurimo hashimwa ibyagezweho

Ku italiki ya 01 Gicurasi buri mwaka, u Rwanda rwifatanya n’Isi kwizihiza Umunsi Mpuzamahanga wahariwe Umurimo mu kuzirikana uruhare ntagereranywa rw’abakozi mu nzego zose, kuko ari bo ubuzima bwa muntu n’iterambere ryose rishingiyeho. 

Ni umwanya Isi yose irushaho kuzirikana ko umurimo n’ishoramari ari byo byonyine bibyara ubukungu, iyo bikoranwe ubwitange n’ubuhanga bya ngombwa.

Ni muri urwo rwego Urugaga rw’Amasendika y’Abakozi mu Rwanda, CECTRAR, yatanze ubutumwa kuri uyu Munsi Mpuzamahanga w’Umurimo. 

Ubwo butumwa buragira buti: “Bakoresha, Bakozi, Bafatanyabikorwa, Baturarwanda mwese, tubanje kubifuriza Umunsi Mukuru mwiza w’umurimo wizihizwa ku isi hose tariki ya 01 Gicurasi ya buri mwaka. Uyu ni umunsi Leta, abakoresha n’abakozi bahura bagasuzumira hamwe intambwe imaze guterwa mu rwego rwo guteza imbere umurimo, inshingano n’uburenganzira bwa buri wese, bagasuzuma ibibazo byagaragaye mu bihe bishize, bigashakirwa umuti ukwiriye kugira ngo umurimo urusheho kunoga no kugera ku iterambere rirambye kandi rya bose.

Ni umunsi utwibutsa kandi uburyo abakozi baharaniye uburenganzira bwabo ndetse bamwe bakahasiga ubuzima, n’abandi bagikomeza guhohoterwa ndetse bakanirukanwa mu kazi bazira ko bahagarariye bakanarengera uburenganzira bwa bagenzi babo, hirengagijwe amategeko abarengera.

CESTRAR yibukije ko uyu munsi kandi usanze mu Rwanda kimwe n’ahandi ku Isi yose bahanganye n’izamuka rikabije ry’ibiciro ku masoko bitewe ahanini n’ihungabana ry’ubukungu ku Isi ryaturutse ahanini ku izamuka ry’ibiciro ry’ibikonioka kuri peteroli, intambara hagati y’u Burusiya na Ukraine, ingaruka z’icyorezo cya COVID-19 n’ibindi.

Irashimira Leta y’u Rwanda n’abafatanyabikorwa bose ku mbaraga, ubwitange n’ubushishozi bakomeje kugaragaza mu gushyiraho ingamba nyazo kandi mu gihe gikwiye zo kuzahura ubukungu n’imibereho myiza y’abakozi n’abanyarwanda muri rusange. 

Muri izo ngamba harimo kuzamura umushahara wa mwarimu, kuvugurura itegeko rishyiraho imisoro ku musaruro, aho abakozi bahembwa umushahara utarenga 60,000 Frw basonewe umusoro ku mushahara, ndetse ku mwaka ukurikiyeho bigakomeza kuvugururwa aho abakozi bahembwa umushahara uri hejuru ya 60,000 Frw ariko utarenga 100,000 Frw bagabanyirizwa igipimo cy’umusoro kikava kuri 20% kikaba 10%, ndetse n’abahembwa umushahara uri hejuru y’ 100,000 Frw ariko utarenga 200,000 Frw bagabanyirizwa igipimo kikava kuri 30% kikajya kuri 20%.

“[…] N’ubwo dushima iyi ntambwe, dusanga abakozi bose bahembwa ibihumbi 100,000 Frw bakwiye gusonerwa umusoro ku mushahara kuko bagize, igice kinini cy’abakozi baremerewe no kubona iby’ibanze bikenewe ku muturage wese, biganjemo urubyiruko rukora mu bigo bicunga umutekano, amaduka, ibigo by’ubucuruzi butandukanye, utubari, restora, amahoteli n’ahandi.”

Hari kandi kwigomwa imwe mu misoro y’ibikomoka kuri peteroli kugira ngo ibiciro by’ingendo bidakomeza kuzamuka cyane.

Kuvugurura amategeko ajyanye n’amasaha y’akazi mu cyumweru akava kuri 45 akagera kuri 40 hagamijwe guteza imbere umurimo w’umukozi no gutuma abasha kubahiriza izindi nshingano z’umuryango.

Kuvanaho umusoro ku nyungu ku biribwa by’ibanze birimo ibirayi, umuceri n’ibituruka ku bigori ndetse n’izindi gahunda zinyuranye zo kunganira abaturage muri rusange. Ni ibyo gushimirwa cyane.

Ubuyobozi bwa CESTRAR bufite icyizere ko ikibazo cyagaragajwe cy’ubusumbane mu mishahara y’Abanyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa b’Utugari tugize igihugu kizabonerwa igisubizo, bunasaba ko byakemurwa n’ahandi hose byagaragara ko hakiri ubusumbane bw’imishahara ku bakozi bakora akazi kamwe.

N’ubwo hari ibigenda bikorwa, umushahara w’abakozi benshi ntugishoboye guhangana n’ibiciro by’isoko muri iki gihe, bigatuma abakozi batagira imibereho myiza yagombye kuranga umukozi igatuma babasha no gutanga umusaruro wifuzwa. 

CESTRAR irasaba Abakoresha na Leta gukora ibishoboka byose imishahara muri rusange ikavugurwa, igahuzwa n’ibihe turimo.

By’umwihariko, irrasaba ivugururwa ry’imishahara y’abakozi bo mu nzego z’ubuzima nka bamwe mu bakozi bakorana ubwitange bwinshi ariko bafite imishahara iri hasi. 

Aba bakozi ni bamwe mu bari ku ruhembe rwo kurwanya icyorezo cya COVID 19 bagakorana ubwitange n’ishyaka amanywa n’ijoro, ariko bafashwe kimwe n’abandi bakozi bose ntibahabwa inyongera y’umushahara ku ngazi ntambike (Horizontal Promotion)  muri 2020—  2021 nk’uko biteganywa n’amategeko. 

“[…]Tukaba dusanga abo bakozi bari bakwiye guhabwa umwihariko ndetse n’abandi bakora mu mirimo ifite umwihariko itabasha guhagarara bityo ntihafatwe icyemezo cya rusange.

Ni muri urwo rwego dukomeje gusaba ko Iteka rya Minisitiri rigena umushahara fatizo (Minimum wage) ryashyirwaho mu gihe cya vuba nk’uko risanzwe riteganyijwe mu Itegeko rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, bityo hakabaho umushahara udashobora kugibwa munsi hagamijwe kurengera imibereho myiza y’abakozi. “

Byaba byiza kandi hashyizweho igihe kitari kinini cyo kujya rivugurwa hashingiwe ku kiguzi cyo kubaho. 

N’ubwo amasaha y’akazi mu Rwanda, byagaragaye ko hari benshi batayubahiriza nk’uko yagenwe n’itegeko rigenga umurimo, turasaba ko gahunda yatangiye yo guhindura ingingo zirebana nabyo ziri mw’itegeko rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, ndetse n’iteka rya Minisitiri ryerekeranye n’amasaha y ‘akazi byakwihutishwa, ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasaha mashya rikubahirizwa na bose kandi bigakemura n’impaka z’umurimo zishobora kubaho zibishingiyeho.

CESTRAR irashima uburyo bushya bwashyizweho n’Ikigo cy’ubwiteganyirize mu Rwanda (RSSB) bworohereza umukozi kubasha gukurikirana imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize.

Ariko kugira ngo iyo serivisi igere kuri benshi, RSSB yasabwe ko ubwo buryo bwakwaguka ku buryo n’abakozi benshi badafite ubushobozi bwo kugira telefone zifite ikoranabuhanga rya murandasi (Internet) bahabwa amahirwe yo gukurikirana imisanzu yabo. 

Ni ngombwa kandi kongera imbaraga mu buryo bwo kwamamaza iyo serivisi bigafasha gukemura bimwe mu bibazo abakozi benshi bahura nabyo bijyanye no kudatangirwa imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize ku gihe.

Irasaba kabdi ivugururwa rihoraho kandi rikozwe ku gihe rijyanye n’amafaranga ya pansiyo ahabwa abari mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru kugira ngo bashobora gukomeza kubaho neza.

Mu rwego rwo gufasha urubyiruko kwihangira imirimo no gutekereza kuri ejo hazaza h’umurimo, gahunda ya Leta yo gushyiraho ibigo bya TVET bitangirwamo ubumenyi ngiro ikwiye kugezwa henshi mu gihugu kandi amasomo n’ubumenyi bitangirwamo bikavugururwa ku rwego rushimije ku buryo urubyiruko rwinshi rwa kwitabira ayo masomo kurusha uko bihagaze uyu munsi. Umurimo ushingiye ku bumenyingiro ugatezwa imbere. (Promoting labour based Practitioners).

Guteza imbere umurimo no kugera kw’iterambere rirambye, ryihuse kandi rya bose, birasaba ko habaho guhindura imyumvite, abakozi bagahabwa agaciro, ntihabeho kubafata nk’ibikoresho, ahubwo bakaba abafatanya bikorwa, ndetse aho bishoboka bagahabwa imigabane mu bigo bakoramo humvikanyweho uburyo bunoze iyo migabane yakwishyurwa.

Ibi kugira ngo bigerweho, ni ngombwa guteza imbere umuco w’ibiganiro rusange (Social Dialogue / Dialogue Sociale) biganisha ku masezerano hagati y’abakoresha, abakozi n’ama sendika ahagarariye abakozi mu rwego rwemewe n’amategeko aho kuyabangamira no gutoteza abayahagarariye mu bigo binyuranye nk’uko bikunze kugaragaza henshi.

“[…] Nk’ uko tumaze igihe tubigarukaho, turakomeza gukangurira abakozi bose gukorana umurava kandi kinyamwuga, gutanga serivise nziza, kwihugura no gutanga udushya (innovation).”

Irakangurira kandi abakozi bo mu ngeri zose kugira umuco wo kuzigama (Saving), tukaba dushishikariza abakoresha bose guha amasezerano y’akazi zibaha icyizere cy’akazi bakanakigirirwa kandi n’ibigo by’imari kuburyo bashobora gusaba no guhabwa inguzanyo zibafasha kwiteza imbere bunganira umushahara udahagije babona.

Irasaba kandi bamwe mu bakoresha bakibikora gutandukana n’umuco wo guhemba abakozi mu ntoke, umushahara wabo ukanyuzwa muri Banki nka bumwe mu buryo bw’ibanze bwo kubafasha kugira umuco wo kwizigamira.

Ku bijyanye n’ubuzima n’umutekano ku kazi kandi nkuko insanganyamatsiko y’uyu mwaka yatanzwe n’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wita ku Murimo ILO / OIT ibigaragaza, ahakorerwa umurimo hizewe kandi hatekanye ni uburenganzira bw’ibanze ku kazi.

CESTRAR irasaba ikomeje abakoresha bose gushyiraho ingamba zihamye zo kurengera ubuzima bw’abakozi babaha ibikoresho byo kwirinda impanuka n’indwara, gushyiraho amabwiriza hashingiwe ku miterere y’akazi, impanuka n’indwara byagakomokaho.

By’umwihariko, ikibazo cy’impanuka zihitana ubuzima bw’abakozi zikunze kugaragara kenshi mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro gikwiye kwitabwaho n’inzego zose bireba harimo n’inzego z’ibanze hagakumirwa impanuka n’indwara zibasira abakozi, hagakorwa buri gihe igenzura ry’ahacukurwa amabuye y’agaciro kandi rigakorwa kinyamwuga. 

Abakozi nabo bakagenerwa igihe cyo gusuzumwa indwara ku buryo buhoraho, abasanzwemo indwara zifata mu myanya y’ubuhumekero zikunze kugaragara muri icyo gice cy’umurimo, bakavurwa hakiri kare.

Abakozi bose, mu nzego zose, barasabwa kwitabira kwibumbira mu masendika ahuza abakozi bo mu nzego bakoreramo kuko ari bwo buryo bwiza bwo guhuriza hamwe imbaraga zabo n’ibitekerezo, bagasenyera umugozi umwe, ndetse no kwisungana bagaharanira iterambere ry’umurimo n’uburenganzira bwabo muri rusange.