Impanuro z’Umuyobozi w’umugore witabiriye Inama Nyafurika y’Abayobozi b’ibigo i Kigali

Inama Nyafurika y’Abayobozi b’Ibigo (Africa CEO Forum) yateraniye i Kigali hagati y’itariki 14 na 15 Gicurasi 2026, yasize hasinywe amasezerano n’inkunga zemejwe gutangwa bifite agaciro ka miliyari 3 z’amadolari ya Amerika, yitezwe kugira uruhare rukomeye mu kwagura ubufatanye bwa Leta n’abikorera mu guteza imbere Umugabane wa Afurika.

Abagore bo mu Rwanda na Afurika muri rusange, bahawe ikaze mu kubyaza umusaruro ayo mahirwe y’ishoramari n’inkunga zabafasha kwiteza imbere no guhindura icyerekezo cya Afurika.

Mu kiganiro cyihariye Imvaho Nshya yagiranye na Madamu Coura Carine Sène, Umuyobozi w’Ikigo Wave Mobile Money witabiriye Africa CEO Forum, yagarutse ku buryo iyi nama yafunguye amahirwe akomeye ku bagore bo muri Afurika, anatanga impanuro zikomeye zafasha kurushaho kubaka ubukungu burambye muri Afurika.

Ibikurikira ni ibibazo n’ibisubizo aho uyu mugore ukomoka muri Sénégal yibanda ku gusobanura uburyo gushyigikira ubucuruzi bw’abagore atari igikorwa cy’ubugiraneza ahubwo ari ugutabara ubukungu bwa Afurika mu gihe kirambye. 

Imvaho Nshya: Ni ayahe mahirwe inama nka Africa CEO Forum zirema mu kwagura ikoranabuhanga mu rwego rw’imari no korohereza ba rwiyemezamirimo b‘abagore muri Afurika kugera ku gishoro? 

Madamu Coura: Inama nka Africa CEO Forum ni ingenzi cyane kubera ko zihuriza hamwe abantu bashobora guhindura icyerekezo cy’ubucuruzi ku mugabane. Abayobozi ba Politiki, abashoramari, ibigo by’imari, abafatanyabikorwa mu iterambere n’abayobozi n’ibigo by’abikorera, bose bahuriye ku kibazo kimwe niba dushaka ikoranabuhanga mu rwego rw’imari kuva ku kugeza serivisi ku baturage rikagera ku gutanga umusaruro ufatika mu bukungu. 

Kuri Wave Mobile Money, amahirwe ahari ni ayo gufasha guhindura ibiganiro bikajya mu ngiro. Kudaheza mu rwego rw’imari ntibishobora kujyana gusa no gufungura konti cyangwa koroshya ihererekanywa ry’amafaranga. Bikwiye no kujyana no kwemerera abaturage, cyane cyane ba rwiyemezamirimo b’abagore, kugaragara mu rwego rw’ubukungu, bakandika amateka mu rwego rw’imari, hejuru ya byose bakagera ku bikoresho n’igishoro bakeneye ngo batere imbere. 

Muri Afurika yose, abagore benshi bafite ubucuruzi bwihagazeho. Bakurikirana imikorere yabwo, bagaha serivisi nziza abakiliya, bakishyura ababagemurira ibicuruzwa, bakita ku miryango yabo ndetse uko bukeye n’uko bwije bagatanga umusanzu ku iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’ibihugu byabo. Ingorane ziracyari iz’uko umugaane munini w’ibyo bikorwa utagaragara ku nzego nyinshi z’imari. Ikoranabuhanga mu rwego rw’imari rishobora gufasha mu kuziba icyo cyuho ribika amakuru ya buri gikorwa cy’ubukungu cya buri munsi, rikacyumvikanisha ndetse rikanagishyigikira.  

Rero inama nk’izi ziba zikenewe kubera ko zirema umwanya w’ibiganiro byagutse: Ni gute twahanga sisitemu y’imari izirikana agaciro nyako abagore bakomeje kurema mu bukungu, aho kubasaba kwisanisha n’imikorere itarubakiwe kujyana n’imibereho yabo itandukanye n’iy’abagabo?

Imvaho Nshya: Ni izihe mbogamizi ukomeje kubona mu mikorere y’inzego z’amasoko ya Afurika?

Madamu Coura: Imwe mu mbogamizi zikomeye cyane ni uko akenshi abagore bahezwa mu bahabwa igishoro na mbere y’uko banicarana na banki cyangwa umushoramari. Kubaheza bitangira kare cyane, aho badahabwa uburenganzira bungana n’ubw’abagabo ku mitungo, ku kugera ku ruhererekane rw’abashoramari, ku nyandiko z’ubucuruzi, amakuru y’urwego rw’imari ndetse n’amoko y’ingwate ibigo bisanzwe by’imari bigerageza gusaba abo biha inguzanyo.   

Ku masoko menshi, rwiyemezamirimo w’umugore ashobora kuba afite ubucuruzi bukomeye, abakiliya bahoraho aninjiza mu buryo buhoraho, ariko agakomeza kubonwa nk’ukora ibidahwitse cyangwa biteje akaga kubera ko adafite ingwate iba yitezwe. Icyo ni ikibazo cy’imikorere y’inzego, ntaho bihuriye n’ubuziranenge bwa bizinesi ye. 

Nanone kandi hari ikibazo cy’uko bababona. Abagore benshi bakora mu nzego z’ingenzi ku bukungu bwa Afurika, nko kudandaza ibicuruzwa, gucuruza ibiribwa, gutanga serivisi, ubucuruzi, kuranguza ibicuruzwa ndetse n’ubucuruzi bukorerwa mu miryango. 

Izi nzego rimwe na rimwe ntizihabwa agaciro kazo kubera ko ntizigaragara nk’ubucuruzi abashoramari bashobora kwihuza na bwo. Ariko akenshi hari ubwo ziba zihagazeho, zihuye cyane n’ibyo abaturage bakenera buri munsi kandi zishobora kurema agaciro gakomeye mu bucuruzi.  

Ikibazo gikomeye ni uko inzego zacu z’imari zibanda cyane ku guha agaciro imitungo aho kugaha n’ibikorwa byabo. Zibasha kureba ku byo umuntu atunze, ariko ntizite ku byo umuntu arimo kubaka. Aho ni ho hakeneye impinduka. 

Imvaho Nshya: Ni gute Mobile Money n’amakuru y’ihererekanywa ry’amafaranga riyikorerwaho bikomeje guhindura uburyo ubucuruzi bukorwa n’abagore bwagera ku nkunga bukeneye uyu munsi? 

Madamu Coura: Mobile Money irimo gufasha kubaka izina ku bantu n’ubucuruzi bwagiye bukorera hanze ya sisitemu z’amabanki mu bihe byahise. Iki ni ikintu gikomeye cyane. Kuri ba rwiyemezamo benshi b’abagore, ibikorwa birahari ariko gihamya yo ntayo. Baragurisha, bakongera kuzuza ububiko wabo, bakishyura ababagemurira, bakakira ubwishyu, bagacunga ayo binjiza, ariko ibyinshi muri ibyo bikorwa byagiye biba bahabwa amafaranga mu ntoki maze ntibibarwe mu makuru akenerwa na banki. Iyo ihererekanya rigiye ku ikoranabuhanga, bashobora gutangira kuvuga inkuru yabo. Bashobora kwerekana uko bakora batadohoka, uko ubucuruzi bwabo bukenewe, umuvuduko wa bizinesi ndetse n’ukwihagararaho k’ubucuruzi bwabo.  

Ibyo si ugusimbuza ibyemezo bya muntu amakuru y’ikoranabuhanga. Ahubwo ni ukwagura ibihamya ibigo by’imari bishobora gukoresha mu gusobanukirwa ubucuruzi runaka. Umugore ashobora kutabona ingwatwe isanzwe asabwa, ariko ashobora kugira amakuru asobanutse y’ihererekanya ryerekana imbaraga z’ibikorwa bye. Ibyo bikwiye guhabwa agaciro. 

Muri Wave Mobile Money, tubona ikoranabuhanga mu rwego rw’imari rifasha abantu kugira uruhare rudashidikanywaho mu iterambere ry’ubukungu. Iyo ryoroshye kurikoresha, rihendutse kandi rikoreshwa na benshi, rikora ibirenze gufasha kugera kuri serivisi z’imari. 

Ingingo ikomeye hano ni uko ibyo byose bikwiye gukorwa hubahirizwa amategeko n’amabwiriza. Amakuru y’ikoranabuhanga akwiye gukoreshwa mu mucyo, akarindwa kandi agatanga inyungu kuri rwiyemezamirimo. Intego si ugukusanya amakuru gusa, ahuwo ni uguharanira ko igikorwa cy’ubukungu cyakozwe cyarushaho kugaragara kandi kigahabwa agaciro gikwiriye.

Imvaho Nshya: Ese uruhererekane rw’ishoramari muri Afurika ruracyafite igisobanuro cy’uko iterambere rihanitse ry’ubucuruzi rigomba kuba rimeze?

Madamu Coura: Cyane rwose, kandi ntekereza ko iki ari kimwe mu biganiro by’ingenzi dukwiriye kuba dukora. Akenshi uruhererekane rw’ishoramari ruba rugifite ishusho ifunganye y’uburyo iterambere rihanitse ry’ubucuruzi rikwiriye kumera. Akenshi bihuzwa n’inzego zimwe na zimwe, n’amateka ya bamwe mu bashinze ibigo bikomeye, amoko amwe n’amwe y’ibitekerezo by’ubucuruzi, ndetse n’inzego zimwe na zimwe zubatse izina.

Ariko muri Afurika, buri gihe iterambere ntiryakurikiza uwo murongo. Ubucuruzi bwinshi buyobowe n’abagore bukura binyuze mu isano bafitanye n’abakiliya, icyizere gikomeye bafitiwe na sosiyete, ingano y’ihererekanya ry’amafaranga n’ibicuruzwa rikorwa buri munsi, ikinyabupfura mu mikorere n’ubushobozi bwo gutanga ibyo isoko rikeneye ku gihe. Ubu bucuruzi bushobora kutagaragara nk’ibigo bikomeye ariko bushobora kwihagararaho cyane kandi bukagira agaciro gakomeye mu bukungu. 

Dukwiye guhagarika kwitiranya abakora ibitanyuze mu nzira zashyizweho n’abatagira icyerekezo cy’ubuzima. Nanone kandi dukeneye guhagarika kwibira ko inzego ziganjemo abagore ziba ari nto cyangwa zidafite umumaro uhagije. Ubucuruzi, uruhererekane rw’ibiriwa, serivisi z’ubwiza n’ubugeni, gukwirakwiza ibicuruzwa, ubuhinzi no gucuruza ubuconsho ntabwo ari inzego zasigaye inyuma. Ziri mu bigize umusingi w’iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’ibihugu bya Afurika. 

Niba abashoramari bashaka kumenya ahari amahirwe y’iterambere rya Afurika, bakwiye kureba bitonze aho ibikorwa by’ubukungu birimo kubera. Rimwe na rimwe amahirwe y’ahazaza h’iterambere rihanitse si aho ibigo bikomeye bihanga amaso, ni ahari ibikenewe cyane, ariko kuhazirikana no kuhatera inkunga bikaba bigenda biguruntege.

Imvaho Nshya:  Ni izihe mpinduka zifatika amabanki, abashoramari n’ibigo bishinzwe ubugenzuzi bikeneye gukora kugira ngo urwego rw’imari rurenge uburyo busanzwe bwo gusaba ingwate?

Madamu Coura: Impinduka ya mbere ni uburyo dusobanura ibyizewe. Mu gihe kinini cyahise, umwizerwa yahuzwaga by’umwihariko n’ingwate abasha gutanga, imitungo yanditse afite ndetse n’amateka afitanye n’amabanki. Izo ngingo zigenderwaho ni ingenzi ariko ntizihagije mu masoko aho ba rwiyemezamirimo benshi, by’umwihariko ab’abagore, bagiye bahezwa ku kugira imitungo no kwinjira mu nzego z’imari zisanzwe. 

Amabanki n’abashoramari bakeneye kwagura uburyo basuzuma ahari amahirwe y’ubucuruzi. Amakuru y’ihererekanya, uko ubwishyu bwakozwe, ibikorwa by’abakiliya, inyungu yinjira bihoraho ndetse n’imyitwarire ya gicuruzi byose bishobora gutanga amakuru. Bifasha kugaragaza niba ubucuruzi bukora, bwihagazeho cyangwa bufite ubushobozi bwo gukura.  

Indi mpinduka irebana no guhanga serivisi nshya. Serivisi nyinshi z’imari ziracyubakiye ku bucuruzi busanzwe bukorwa kinyamwuga, bwamaze kwandikwa kandi bufitanye umubano mwiza n’ibigo by’imari. Ariko niba dushaka gufasha ba rwiyemezamirimo b’abagore ku rwego runaka, serivisi dutegura zikwiye kureba no ku buryo bakora mu by’ukuri: niba uko binjiza bijyanye n’ibihe kandi bigahinduka, nia bafite ihererekanya ry’amafaranga rito ariko rihoraho ndetse n’iterambere rijya mbere buhoro buhoro. 

Impinduka yagatatu ijyanye n’ubugenzuzi. Ibigo by’ubugenzuzi bifite uruhare rukomeye mu guhanga ikirere aho guhanga udushya bishobora gushyigikira ukudaheza, ari na ho abaguzi barindirwa. Intego ikwiye kuba ugushyigikira uburyo bworohereza abantu benshi gutanga umusanzu mu ruhererekane rw’imari batekanye kandi mu mucyo. 

Hejuru y’ibyo byose, izo mpinduka zijyanye no kumenya gucagura igikorwa cy’ubukungu cya nyacyo. Iyo rwiyemezamirimo w’umugore yinjiza amafaranga, afasha abakiliya ndetse akuza ubucuruzi bwe, urwego rw’imari rukwiye kugira inzira nziza kurushaho zibona ako gaciro zikanagashyigikira.

Imvaho Nshya: Kuki ikibazo cy’abagore n’imari gikwiye gufatwa nk’ikibazo cyagutse cy’ubukungu n’imitangire y’igishoro, kitabaye ikibazo cyo kubongerera ubushobozi gusa?

Madamu Coura: Kubongerera ubushobozi ni ingirakamaro, ariko ntibihagije. Iyo tuvuga ku bagore no kugera ku mari tubirebeye gusa ku kubongerera ubushobozi, tugwa mu kaga ko kubifata nka gahunda y’ubugiraneza. Mu by’ukuri, ni gahunda y’iterambere ry’ubukungu. 

Abagore ni ba rwiyemezamirimo, abakoresha, abacuruzi, abaguzi, abashoramari mu miryango yabo bakaba n’abatanga umusanzu ukomeye mu bukungu bw’ibihugu byabo. Iyo ahejwe ku mari, Afurika ntiba ihemukiye abagore gusa ahubwo yaba irimo kugena ahazaza h’ubukungu bwayo mu buryo bucuramye.  

Ni yo mpamvu kugira umurongo uhamye ari ingenzi. Ikibazo si ugufasha gusa abagore gutanga umusanzu wabo. Ikibazo ni uburyo bwo gukosora inzego z’imari zakomeje kunanirwa gutahura no kuzirikana aharimo kuremwa iby’agaciro. Niba ubucuruzi bw’abagore bukora, bwihagazeho kandi butanga ibikenewe ku isoko, igishoro gikwiriye kubageraho mu buryo buboneye. 

Muri Wave Mobile Money, umurimo wacu ushinze imizi mu kwizera ko imari ikwiye kuba yoroheye buri wese, ihendutse kandi igera kuri bose. Gusa kudaheza ntibikwiye kugarukira gusa ku kuyigeza kuri bose, intambwe ikurikira ni uguharanira ko uko kuyigeraho birema ukugaragara, uko kugaragara na ko kukarema icyizere, icyizere na cyo kikazagera aho gifungura imiryango y’amahirwe akomeye kurushaho mu bukungu. 

Bityo rero iki si ikibazo gito, kirarebana n’iterambere, umusaruro n’ahazaza h’iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’ibihugu bya Afurika. Igishoro iyo kitageze ku bagore biba bivuze ko kitari kugera ku isoko ryose.