Uko warinda  dosiye zawe ibitero byo mu ikoranabuhanga

U Rwanda rumaze gutera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga aho usanga ubu serivisi nyinshi ziryifashisha, abantu bashobora kohererezanya dosiye cyangwa kuzibika baryifashishije. 

Nubwo umutekano w’ikoranabuhanga ari ikintu kigari, ariko hari ibikorwa byinshi by’ibanze by’ubwirinzi umuntu agomba gukora.

Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe Umutekano w’Ikoranabuhanga mu Isakazabumenyi n’Itumanaho (NCSA) rwatanze inama zo kwirinda igitero cya  “Ransomware”  (Ransomuweya). Ni  ubwoko bw’igitero gishoboza abajura bo ku ikoranabuhanga kwinjira muri dosiye zawe bakazihindura ku buryo utabasha kuzibona, hanyuma bagasaba ikiguzi kugira ngo ube wazisubizwa.

Haba ku  muntu ku giti cye cyangwa ku rwego rw’ikigo, ni byiza gushaka uburyo bwo gukumira ibitero no kwirinda “Ransomware”.

 Iki kigo kigaragaza  inama zafasha mu  kugabanya ibyago byo kuba wagerwaho n’ibyo bitero.

Kwitondera imiyoboro n’imigereka iturutse ku bantu utazi

Ibitero byinshi bya “Ransomware” bikwirakwizwa binyuze muri imeli (email) n’imiyoboro, ni yo mpamvu ari ngombwa gushishoza mbere yo gufungura imiyoboro n’imigereka biturutse ku bantu  utazi.

Ikimenyetso kimwe cya imeli ishobora kuba irimo kiriya gitero ni ubusabe bwo kugira icyo ukora vuba vuba. Aha rero ni ho umuntu aba agomba kubanza kwitonda, agatekereza mbere yo gukanda kuri iyo miyoboro cyangwa imigereka.

Ibindi bimenyetso birimo ikibonezamvugo gipfuye, indamukanyo rusange nka mukiriya wacu, imeli yiyoberanyije nk’ivuye ku nshuti cyangwa undi muntu, izina ry’indangarubuga (domaine) rijya gusa n’iry’izindi sosiyete zizwi.

 Gukora ububiko bw’amakuru ahantu hatandukanye (backup)

Nk’uko NCSA ikomeza ibisobanura, iyo wabitse amakuru yawe ahandi hantu, ubasha guhangana n’ igitero cya “Ransomware” kuko usubizamo ayo makuru yawe  avuye ahandi wayabitse mu gihe aya mbere yaba  yangijwe. 

Iki gitero gishobora no kwifashisha umuyoboro wa murandasi yawe gishakisha ubundi bubiko bw’amakuru yawe, ni ngombwa rero kuyabika  ahandi hantu ukoresheje “Cloud Computing”; ni porogaramu na serivisi  byo kuri murandasi, bigufasha kubika kopi yayo  ahantu hizewe, kugira ngo igihe hari ayangijwe ube ufite uko wayasubirana.

Ubika ahandi amakuru y’ingenzi nibura rimwe mu masaha 24.

Gushyira antivirusi ku gihe 

Nk’uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda, genzura ko igikoresho cyawe cy’ikoranabuhanga gifite porogaramu irwanya virusi (anti-virus) izajya igufasha kubanza kugenzura (scan)  ko nta  virusi mu migereka na porogaramu zose ugiye gufungura kugira ngo wirinde kuba wagerwaho n’igitero cy’abajura bifashisha ikoranabuhanga.

Ikindi ni uguhora  ureba ko haba hari amavugururwa akenewe igihe ufunguye antivirusi yawe, kandi igihe cyose umaze kwinjiza dosiye nshya mu gikoresho cyawe uhita ukora ririya genzura kugira ngo niba hari virusi irimo ubashe kuyibona.

Gushyira ku gihe sisitemu y’ibikoresho byawe by’ikoranabuhanga

Kuvugurura porogaramu bikosora amakosa mashya, bigafunga n’ibyuho byashoboraga gutuma winjirirwa n’ibitero bya “Ransomware”  byakwangiza  porogaramu ukoresha. Ibitero  bihora bivugururwa umunsi ku munsi ni yo mpamvu na porogaramu z’ubwirinzi zigomba guhora zivugururwa kugira ngo zirwanye ibitero bishya. 

Koresha uburyo bwo kwinjira wemeza ibintu bikomatanyije 

Uburyo bwo kwemeza ibintu bikomatanyije mbere yo kwinjira muri konti, ni uburyo bwongera umutekano kuko bukoresha ibintu bitandukanye mu kugenzura neza umwirondoro wawe.

 Hatariho ubu buryo, abajura bo ku ikoranabuhanga baba bakeneye gusa kumenya amakuru yawe (izina, ijambo ry’ibanga) ngo bakwinjirire. Ubu buryo butuma umujura atabasha kubona  amakuru y’inyongera akenewe ngo yinjirire konti yawe. 

Kugira ngo ukaze umutekano wa konti yawe ukwiye nibura kugira amagambo banga agizwe nibura n’ibimenyetso 10, inyuguti nkuru n’intoya, imibare, n’utundi tumenyetso. Ikindi ni uko aba agomba  guhindurwa byibura buri mezi 3.